Active substance
Chloramphenicol* (Chloramphenicol*)
Pharmacological group
- Amphenicols
Indications
For systemic use (parenteral and oral): typhoid fever, paratyphoid fever, salmonellosis (generalized forms), brucellosis, rickettsiosis (including typhus, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, Q fever), tularemia, dysentery, brain abscess, meningococcal infection , trachoma, inguinal lymphogranuloma, chlamydia, yersiniosis, ehrlichiosis, urinary tract infections, purulent wound infection, purulent peritonitis, biliary tract infections.
For external use: bacterial infections of the skin, incl. boils, wounds, infected burns, bedsores, trophic ulcers, cracked nipples in nursing mothers.
Eye drops, eye liniment: bacterial infections of the eye, incl. conjunctivitis, keratitis, keratoconjunctivitis, blepharitis, episcleritis, scleritis.
Contraindications
Hypersensitivity, diseases of the hematopoietic organs, acute intermittent porphyria, severe impairment of kidney and liver function, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, psoriasis, eczema, fungal skin diseases, neonatal period (up to 4 weeks) and early childhood.
Use during pregnancy and lactation
In pregnancy, it is likely that the expected result of therapy outweighs the potential risk to the fetus (adequate and strictly controlled studies on the use during pregnancy have not been conducted, the possibility of chloramphenicol to cross the placenta should be taken into account).
FDA Fetal Action Category — C.
When ingested, it passes into the breast milk of lactating women and can cause serious adverse reactions in children who are breastfed. When used locally, systemic absorption is possible. In this regard, lactating women should stop either breastfeeding or the use of the drug.
Side effects
System effects
From the digestive tract: dyspepsia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, irritation of the mucous membrane of the mouth and throat, dysbacteriosis.
From the side of the cardiovascular system and blood (hematopoiesis, hemostasis): leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, reticulocytopenia, hypohemoglobinemia, agranulocytosis, aplastic anemia.
From the nervous system and sensory organs: psychomotor disorders, depression, impaired consciousness, delirium, optic neuritis, visual and auditory hallucinations, taste disturbance, decreased hearing and vision acuity, headache.
Allergic reactions: skin rash, urticaria, angioedema.
Others: dermatitis, secondary fungal infection, cardiovascular collapse (in children under 1 year old).
When applied to the skin and conjunctival use: local allergic reactions.
Precautionary measures
In the process of treatment, it is necessary to regularly monitor the pattern of peripheral blood.
In the treatment of nipple cracks in nursing mothers, it is not necessary to stop breastfeeding newborns.