sosonka, needles, Christmas tree, peanuts.
FIELD HORSEtail (Equisetum arvense L.)Perennial herbaceous spore plant of the horsetail family (Equisetaceae), up to 60 cm high, with a longish (up to 5-7 m) creeping, brownish-black rhizome, with black spherical nodules. The main mass of rhizomes is located at a depth of 60-100 cm. Stems of 2 types: spring – spore-bearing and summer – barren. Spore-bearing stems (up to 20 cm high) are found in early spring, simple, erect, devoid of green color, brownish, bearing a large spikelet of sporangia at the top, densely covered with serrated sheaths. After the spores mature, these stems dry up and die, and summer green stems grow from the rhizome – jointed, mostly 4-5-sided, branched. The branches are placed in whorls of 8-16 along the entire stem. The stems and branches are hard, rough to the touch due to the silicic acid crystals formed in them. Leaves are underdeveloped grow together on the stem into cylindrical tubular sheaths. Sporonosit in April – May. Spores are spherical, green. Propagated by spores and vegetatively – by segments of rhizomes. Distributed almost throughout the CIS, with the exception of the Far North and deserts. It grows on loose sandy and loamy fresh soils in fields, in crops, on railway embankments, forest clearings, on sandy river banks, in sandy and clay pits, sometimes forms pure thickets. It is an indicator of increased soil acidity. The plant is poisonous! Horsetail has been known as a medicinal plant for a long time. Avicenna used the juice to treat wounds and ulcers, and wine infusions to treat liver and stomach tumors, dropsy, and intestinal disorders. Spores are spherical, green. Propagated by spores and vegetatively – by segments of rhizomes. Distributed almost throughout the CIS, with the exception of the Far North and deserts. It grows on loose sandy and loamy fresh soils in fields, in crops, on railway embankments, forest clearings, on sandy river banks, in sandy and clay pits, sometimes forms pure thickets. It is an indicator of increased soil acidity. The plant is poisonous! Horsetail has been known as a medicinal plant for a long time. Avicenna used the juice to treat wounds and ulcers, and wine infusions to treat liver and stomach tumors, dropsy, and intestinal disorders. Spores are spherical, green. Propagated by spores and vegetatively – by segments of rhizomes. Distributed almost throughout the CIS, with the exception of the Far North and deserts. It grows on loose sandy and loamy fresh soils in fields, in crops, on railway embankments, forest clearings, on sandy river banks, in sandy and clay pits, sometimes forms pure thickets. It is an indicator of increased soil acidity. The plant is poisonous! Horsetail has been known as a medicinal plant for a long time. Avicenna used the juice to treat wounds and ulcers, and wine infusions to treat liver and stomach tumors, dropsy, and intestinal disorders. It grows on loose sandy and loamy fresh soils in fields, in crops, on railway embankments, forest clearings, on sandy river banks, in sandy and clay pits, sometimes forms pure thickets. It is an indicator of increased soil acidity. The plant is poisonous! Horsetail has been known as a medicinal plant for a long time. Avicenna used the juice to treat wounds and ulcers, and wine infusions to treat liver and stomach tumors, dropsy, and intestinal disorders. It grows on loose sandy and loamy fresh soils in fields, in crops, on railway embankments, forest clearings, on sandy river banks, in sandy and clay pits, sometimes forms pure thickets. It is an indicator of increased soil acidity. The plant is poisonous! Horsetail has been known as a medicinal plant for a long time. Avicenna used the juice to treat wounds and ulcers, and wine infusions to treat liver and stomach tumors, dropsy, and intestinal disorders. As a medicinal plant, horsetail has been known for a long time. Avicenna used the juice to treat wounds and ulcers, and wine infusions to treat liver and stomach tumors, dropsy, and intestinal disorders. As a medicinal plant, horsetail has been known for a long time. Avicenna used the juice to treat wounds and ulcers, and wine infusions to treat liver and stomach tumors, dropsy, and intestinal disorders.
COLLECTION AND DRYING OF RAW MATERIALS
The entire aerial part (Herba Equiseti) is harvested in the summer, in June – August, cut with sickles, knives or beveled with scythes at a height of 5 cm from the soil plane. Dry in attics, under sheds, laying out a layer 5-7 cm thick, or in dryers at a temperature of 40-50°C. In dry weather, raw materials can be dried in the shade of buildings. The shelf life of raw materials is 4 years. The color of the raw material is greyish green. The smell is weak, peculiar, the taste is slightly sour. The main harvesting areas are in Belarus, Ukraine, Stavropol and Krasnodar Territories, Perm, Pskov, Lipetsk, Voronezh regions of Russia. In addition to horsetail, there are often other species that cannot be harvested, some of them are poisonous. Forest horsetail (Equisetum sylvaticum L.) has secondary branching branches that are horizontal or bent down. Horsetail (Equisetum pratense Ehrh.) has horizontal, unbranched, trihedral branches. Marsh horsetail (Equisetum palustre L.) has unbranched branches, mostly pentagonal, irregular, like horsetail going obliquely upwards. The base of the segments of the branches is black, the denticles of the branches have a black-brown margin. Poisonous. River horsetail (marsh; Equisetum fluviatile) has a stem up to 1 m high, thick, with a large cavity inside. Branches are simple or absent.
PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES
Galenic products of the plant are superior in diuretic action to kidney tea. In addition, horsetail has hemostatic and anti-inflammatory properties. Isolated from the plant, 5-glucoside luteolin exhibits antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties. Experiments have established that horsetail can have a detoxifying effect, in particular, it helps to remove lead from the body. Silicon compounds, contained in large quantities in the plant, play an important role in the metabolic processes and functional activity of connective tissue, mucous membranes, blood vessel walls; they are especially important for the development of bone tissue.
APPLICATIONS IN MEDICINE
Aboveground part. Liquid extract, infusion, decoction – as a diuretic, hemostatic and hypotensive agent; with diseases of the heart and kidneys (especially with edema and other congestion due to circulatory failure), with pleurisy, inflammatory processes of the bladder and urinary tract, with some forms of pulmonary tuberculosis associated with impaired silicate metabolism; as a hemostatic agent for hemorrhoids, uterine, pulmonary, nasal, intestinal and gastric bleeding; in acute and chronic lead poisoning. In folk medicine – for pulmonary tuberculosis, dysentery, diarrhea, rheumatism, dropsy, gout, jaundice, liver diseases, bronchitis, atherosclerosis, kidney and bladder diseases (including urolithiasis); externally in the form of baths, lotions and compresses – for eczema, boils, ringworm and itchy lichen; in the form of rinses – with stomatitis and other inflammatory processes of the oral mucosa; in the form of powders – for the treatment of wounds and ulcers (as a hemostatic and disinfectant). Juice (inside) – as an anti-inflammatory, disinfectant, astringent, diuretic in diseases of the kidneys and bladder. It is used as a means of improving blood circulation in congestion accompanying heart and other diseases, especially in pleurisy with a large amount of exudate, edema. Shown as a hemostatic agent for all kinds of internal and external bleeding, including hemorrhoidal, and heavy menstruation. Taken for gout, rheumatism. Externally used as a rinse for aphthous and ulcerative stomatitis, chronic tonsillitis; in the form of lotions and baths – for chronic ulcers, purulent, sluggish wounds, boils, eczema, fistulas; in the form of douching – with whites; in the form of washing – with increased sweating. Helps with seborrheic dermatitis. Essence from a fresh plant is used in homeopathy. Horsetail herb is part of the anti-asthma mixture according to Traskov’s prescription, Zdrenko’s mixture and diuretic teas.
DOSAGE FORMS, METHOD OF APPLICATION AND DOSES
A decoction of horsetail herb (Decoctum herbae Equiseti arvensis): 20 g (4 tablespoons) of raw materials are placed in an enamel bowl, pour 200 ml of hot boiled water, cover with a lid and heat in hot water (in a water bath) for 30 minutes, cool at room temperature for 10 minutes, filter, the remaining raw material is squeezed out. The volume of the resulting broth is adjusted with boiled water to 200 ml. The prepared broth is stored in a cool place for 2 days. Take 1/3-1/2 cup 2-3 times every day 1 hour after eating. Liquid extract of horsetail (Extractum Equiseti arvensis fluidum). Prepared by percolation in 60% alcohol. Take 1/2 teaspoon 3-4 times every day. Briquettes of horsetail grass (Bricetum herbae Equiseti): 1.5 slices of the briquette are poured into a glass of cold water, boiled for 30 minutes, cooled, filter. Take 1 tablespoon 3-4 times every day. Horsetail herb granules. Prepare a decoction of 10 granules (1 tablespoon) per 200 ml of water. Take 1 tablespoon 3-4 times every day. Anti-asthma medicine (as prescribed by Traskov) (Mixtura antiasthmatica Trascovi). Contains 100 g each of sodium iodide and potassium iodide and an infusion from a set of medicinal plants (nettle leaves, horsetail herb, peppermint leaves, adonis herb, anise fruits, fennel fruits, rose hips, pine needles). Turbid liquid of dark brown color, fragrant smell. During storage, a small precipitate may form, which does not interfere with the use of the medicine. The medicine is proposed for the treatment of bronchial asthma. Judging by the composition, the action is mainly due to the presence of a significant amount of iodides in the mixture; probably also an antispasmodic effect of infusion of peppermint leaves, anise fruits, fennel, pine needles, improved blood circulation due to the herb adonis. Assign inside 1 teaspoon (adults) to be taken in warm milk 2 times every day after meals; with good tolerance, increase the frequency of doses up to 3 times every day; in case of side effects, reduce the dose to 1/2 teaspoon 1-2 times every day. The course of treatment is 4-5 weeks. If necessary, the mixture is prescribed again, and with good tolerance, a single dose can be increased to 1 dessert – 1 tablespoon, followed by a decrease to 1 teaspoon. Treatment should be carried out under medical supervision. When taking the medicine, iodism phenomena are possible, requiring a dose reduction, a break in treatment, or the complete abolition of the product. The medicine is CONTRAINDICATED in hyperthyroidism, pulmonary tuberculosis, peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum, nephrosis, nephritis, pregnancy, hypersensitivity to iodine. Produced in orange glass bottles of 200 ml. Store at 5-8°C. Shelf life is 3 months.♦ Infusion of horsetail herb: 20 g of raw material is poured into 200 ml of boiling water, infused for 1 hour, then filtered. Take 1-2 tablespoons 3-4 times every day. ♦ Horsetail herb infusion: 50 g of raw materials are infused in 500 ml of chilled boiled water for 1 day, then filtered. Used for baths.♦ Horsetail ointment. Mix horsetail extract with vaseline or butter in a ratio of 1:4.♦ Horsetail juice: fresh juice is prepared from young spore-bearing spring or summer spikelets and succulent stems (shoots). Raw materials are harvested before the dew dries early in the morning. Washed in running water, allowed to drain and scalded with boiling water. Then the grass is passed through a meat grinder, the juice is squeezed out and boiled for 2-3 minutes. Take 1 tablespoon of juice with an equal amount of honey 3-5 times every day before meals as prescribed by a doctor. ♦ Powder of horsetail grass: powder wounds, ulcers. In other cases, 50 g of the powder is dissolved in 1 liter of boiled water and the resulting mixture is drunk 150 ml in the morning and evening as a hemostatic, disinfectant, diuretic and menstruation regulator. CONTRAINDICATIONS AND POSSIBLE SIDE EFFECTS may cause kidney irritation. It will be necessary to take products from the horsetail under the supervision of a doctor, strictly observing the prescribed treatment regimen. * Horsetail poisoning of farm animals is observed. Symptoms: high excitability to external stimuli (at the beginning of the disease), paresis, and then paralysis of the pelvic limbs. Gastrointestinal disorders predominate in cattle; Sheep are prone to abortion. Sick animals are given milk. In a severe form of poisoning, in addition to changing feeding, analeptics are prescribed (at the stage of excitation). B vitamins are administered intramuscularly to horses and cattle1 and B 2 at a dose of 250-500 mg. Effective oral (or in the form of enemas) use of sodium bicarbonate (at a dose of 50-100 ml every day per 1 horse) or intravenous administration of a 5% solution at a dose of 0.1-0.2 g / kg of animal weight. Subcutaneously, when indicated, cardiac agents are used.
APPLICATIONS IN OTHER FIELDS
Spring juicy young shoots can be eaten. Nodules on the rhizomes are eaten raw or baked. A decoction of rhizomes is used to dye woolen fabrics in a gray-yellow color. In veterinary medicine, horsetail herb powder is applied to wounds and ulcers. Spore-bearing shoots color wool yellow and green. The powder is suitable for polishing furniture.
TASTY TIPS
Horsetail soup.
Sliced \u200b\u200bpotatoes (300 g) boil in water (700 ml), add chopped horsetail pestles (300 g) and bring to a boil. Before serving, season with sour cream (40 g). Salt – to taste.
Okroshka with horsetail pestles.
Chopped hard-boiled egg, sorrel (5-10 leaves) and horsetail pistils (1 cup) pour kvass (2 cups), add boiled chopped potatoes (2 pcs.), Horseradish (2 tablespoons), granulated sugar (1 teaspoon) , salt and mustard (to taste), pieces of sausage (60 g). Season with sour cream (2 tablespoons).
Horsetail with milk.
Peel horsetail pestles (200 g), rinse with cold water, cut into pieces up to 2 cm, add sugar (15 g), pour milk and let stand for 5-10 minutes.
Fried horsetail pistils.
Selected and washed pestles (200 g) roll in breadcrumbs, salt, pour sour cream (60 g) and fry in a pan.
Horsetail roast with mushrooms.
Soaked dry mushrooms (50 g) pass through a meat grinder, mix with pestles (200 g), salt, put in metal molds, pour sour cream (40 g) and bake in the oven.
Roast horsetail pestle with meat.
At the bottom of the pot put a layer of chopped potatoes (150 g), then a layer of pieces of meat (200 g) and a layer of pestles (200 g). Pour sour cream (50 g). Top the pot with a cake of dough mixed with a small amount of fat (20 g). Bake in the oven.
Bits of horsetail pestle.
Chop the washed pestles (200 g), mix with semolina porridge (40 g of cereals), boiled in milk (1 cup). Form meatballs from the resulting mass, roll them in breadcrumbs (20 g) and bake in fat (20 g) in the oven.
Horsetail omelette.
Thoroughly mix raw eggs (3 pcs.), Milk (1 cup) and chopped pestles (2 cups), pour the resulting mass into a preheated frying pan greased with oil (15 g), cover with a lid and bake in the oven. To prepare an omelette, you can use grated cheese (30 g). In this case, 2 eggs are introduced into the mixture.
Casserole with horsetail pestles.
Grind pestles (100 g) with a knife, add mashed potatoes (100 g) and a mixture of eggs (1 pc.) With milk (1 cup). Salt, mix and bake in butter (10 g) in the oven.
Stuffing for pies.
Washed and peeled horsetail pestles (200 g) chop together with a hard-boiled egg, add browned onions (50 g) and sour cream (4 tablespoons). Salt and stir.