woody name, popular names – krivavnik, serporiz, mother liquor, porridge, bloodletting; dirway, female tree, field tree, etc.
Compositae family – Asteraceae (Compositae).
Herbs and flowers are used for medicinal purposes.
It occurs mainly in forest areas in meadows, forest edges, clearings, along the edges of fields, in gardens, along fences.
Yarrow is a perennial herbaceous plant with a creeping, branched rhizome, from the tops of which leaves rosettes and stems extend. The latter are erect or slightly ascending at the base, almost not branched. The leaves are alternate, linear-lanceolate or linear-oblong, doubly pinnately dissected into lanceolate or linear segments. Basal leaves are petiolate, stem leaves are sessile. Stems and leaves are more or less woolly-hairy. Inflorescences are small (up to 5 mm long) numerous baskets collected at the top of the stem with complex corymbs. Reed flowers are white, rarely pink, tubular -yellow. The fruits are achenes up to 2 mm long. The plant blooms from June to October. The fruits ripen in August – September.
In addition to the common yarrow in Ukraine, raw materials are harvested for several more close species of yarrow, which have slight external differences, but differ in habitats: Pannonian yarrow – Achillea pannonica Scheele, growing on slopes, dry meadows, roadsides almost throughout Ukraine; t. bristly – A. setacea, Waldst. et Kit. (plant of the steppe zone); m. noble – A. nobilis L., found in the Forest-steppe and Steppe on slopes, roadsides, young deposits.
Stocks of raw materials are large. Industrial blanks can be carried out in almost all regions of Ukraine.
Grass is harvested during flowering, cutting off the tops of stems up to 20 cm in length with sickles or knives, without coarse ground parts. With a dense standing, the plants are mowed with scythes and the grass is selected by hand from the mowing.
Dry in the open air or in attics under an iron roof, under sheds with good ventilation, laying out a layer of 5-7 cm on paper or cloth and stirring occasionally. The yield of dry raw materials is 20-22%.
According to the Global Fund – IX Art. 243 raw material consists of the tops of stems up to 20 cm long, with leaves 5-15 cm long and inflorescences – baskets 3-4 mm long. The smell is fragrant, peculiar. The taste is bitter. Humidity is not higher than 13%. In raw materials, up to 3% of crushed parts, up to 3% of stems thicker than 3 mm, 0.5% organic and 1% mineral impurities are allowed.
The total ash content should not exceed 15%, and ash insoluble in 10% hydrochloric acid should not exceed 3%.
Raw materials are packed in bales weighing 50 kg. Stored in dry, well-ventilated rooms in the group of essential oil raw materials. Storage period up to 2 years.
The flowers are harvested during the flowering period, breaking off or cutting off with scissors shields with a stem no longer than 2 cm. The yield of dry raw materials is 25-28%.
According to FS-42-44-72 raw material (flowers) consists of corymbs with peduncles up to 4 cm long from the base of the baskets. Baskets 3-5 mm long and 1.5-3 mm wide, oblong-ovate, with white marginal reed flowers and yellowish tubular ones. The involucre is greenish, its leaves with a brown membranous edge. The smell is peculiar, aromatic. The taste is spicy, bitter. Humidity no more than 13%. Not more than (percent) is allowed in raw materials: other parts of the plant – 2, corymbs with peduncles longer – 4 cm – 5, browned inflorescences – 5, crushed parts passing through a sieve with a hole diameter of 0.5 mm – 3, organic impurities – 0.5, mineral – 1.
The content of extractives extracted with 70% alcohol must be at least 17%. Permissible ash content – 15%. Dry flowers are packed in bales of 50 kg and cut into bags of 15-20 kg. It is stored in the group of essential oil raw materials in dry, well-ventilated rooms on undercarriages or racks. The storage period is 5 years.
Grass and flowers contain flavonoids, tannins, vitamins K, C, A, essential oil (with azulene), bitter substance akhilein. They are used as an anti-inflammatory, hemostatic agent for internal and uterine bleeding, as well as bitterness to improve appetite in the form of infusion and liquid extract. Included in the composition of the gastric and antihemorrhoid fees.