Skumpiya tannery – skumpiya zvichayna (harvesting and storage)

Name: Skin skumpiya – zvichayna skumpia (harvesting and storage)

Mackerel tannery – Cotinus coggiygria S with r. The Ukrainian name is skumpia zvichayna, the popular name is paradise-tree.

 

Sumac family – Anacardiaceae.

Leaves are used for medicinal purposes.

It occurs in several scattered places in Ukraine (in the Crimean mountains up to an altitude of 1500 m, on the slopes of the valleys of the Dniester and its tributaries, the Southern Bug, the Seversky Donets). Grows on dry open slopes, forest edges and clearings, as well as undergrowth in sparse forests, especially on calcareous and chalk outcrops. In some places it forms thickets with an area of ​​tens and even hundreds of hectares. It is also found in significant quantities in roadside plantations in the wall and forest-steppe regions of Ukraine. Industrial blanks can be produced in the Crimean, Khmelnitsky, Vinnitsa, Odessa and Donetsk regions. Stocks of raw materials are large. Several hundred tons of leaves can be harvested annually, including about half in roadside plantings.

Skin skumpia is a branchy shrub or tree up to 3-7 cm high with a rounded crown. The branches are covered with gray-brown bark, the wood is yellow. The leaves are alternate, with long petioles, without stipules, entire, ovate or obovate, obtuse at the apex, dark green above, glabrous, glaucous below, pubescent. The flowers are small, greenish-white, unisexual, collected in the final loose brush. Fruits 3-5 mm long, dry, obovate or reniform, greenish, later blackish with longitudinal stripes. In barren flowers, the pedicels elongate to 1.5-3 cm and are overgrown with purple hairs. The plant blooms in June – July. The fruits ripen in August.

Leaves are harvested all summer (May-August) until the beginning of autumn redness. They are torn off with their hands or pulled on the branches with a downward movement. It is not allowed to cut the branches and then cut off the leaves, as this leads to the disfigurement of plants and the undermining of the raw material base.

The collected leaves are dried in attics under an iron roof or under sheds with good ventilation, spreading a thin layer (3-5 cm) on cloth or paper and stirring occasionally. Can be dried in the sun. For large workpieces, it is advisable to use dryers.

According to GOST 4564-49, the raw material consists of individual leaves with petioles 1-6 cm long, dark green above, bluish-green below, 3-10 cm long and 3-7 mm wide. Petioles and main veins greyish, often purple with a reddish tinge. The smell is fragrant. The taste is tart. Humidity is not higher than 12%. Not more than (percent) is allowed in raw materials: leaves that have lost their normal color – 2, crushed parts (passing through a sieve with a hole diameter of 2.5 mm) – 5, other parts of skumpia – 4, organic and mineral impurities – 1 each. ash should not exceed 7%, including 1.3% insoluble in 10% hydrochloric acid. The tannin content must be at least 10%.

Dry leaves are packed, pressed, in jute bales or bales weighing 50-75 kg. Store in dry, well-ventilated areas. It must be protected from moisture in order to avoid a decrease in the amount of tannins. Storage period 3 years.

Harvesting and use of tannic sumac leaf Rhus coriaria L. from the sumac family is allowed. It is also a shrub or tree with odd-pinnate (with 9-17 leaves) or trifoliate leaves that turn red in autumn. The fruits are red drupes 5-6 mm in diameter with glandular pubescence and edible sour within the fruit. It occurs in the southern Crimea on dry rocky slopes.

The leaves contain tannin, free gallic acid, flavone glycosides, essential oil. Used to obtain tannin, as well as an astringent and anti-inflammatory agent.