Folk names: Georgian madder, petiolate madder, krapp, marzana, marina.

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MARENA DYE (Rubia tinctorum L.)Perennial herbaceous plant of the madder family (Rubiceae), up to 2 m high. The main root is powerful. Roots with thick creeping rhizomes depart from it. Roots and rhizomes are covered with reddish-brown exfoliating bark. The stem is thin, climbing, highly branched, tetrahedral, prickly-rough. The leaves are light green, obovate, dense, woolly-spiky below, opposite, collected in whorls of 4-6 pieces, up to 9 long and up to 3 cm wide. The flowers are small, yellowish-green, up to 1.5 cm in diameter, collected in few-flowered semi-umbels at the ends of stems and branches. The fruit is a juicy black drupe up to 5 mm long; their juice leaves almost indelible dark wine-red stains. Blossoms in June – September, fruits ripen in August – November in the first year of life. Propagated by seeds and vegetatively. In the wild, distributed in Dagestan, Azerbaijan and other regions of the Caucasus, in the Crimea, in Central Asia. Grows in riverine tree and shrub thickets, on pebbles, steppe meadows, edges, in light pine forests, gardens, vineyards and along fences. Madder is undemanding to the mechanical composition of soils: it grows on sands, loams and confluent soils of solonetzes. Even in ancient times, artisans among the ancient Greeks, Romans, Egyptians and Persians highly valued the root of madder dye. From it received resistant red paint. In ancient times, madder was perhaps the only plant that was used to dye wool, silk and cotton fabrics. Madder root was well known in modern times. Textile workers were especially interested in it. The Free Economic Society of Russia established a high award – a gold medal and a cash prize for breeding resistant varieties of madder. The medicinal properties of the plant have also been known since ancient times. Avicenna recommended preparing a drink from its roots in water sweetened with honey in the treatment of the sciatic nerve, paralysis, loss of tissue sensitivity. The fruits were also used to make a drink with uxomed in case of an enlarged spleen. “She cleanses the liver and spleen and opens blockages in them,” wrote Avicenna.

COLLECTION AND DRYING OF RAW MATERIALS

For medicinal purposes, the roots and rhizomes of madder dye are used. Raw materials are harvested in early spring, in March – the first half of April or at the end of the growing season – from early August until frost. They dig them with a shovel, shake them off the ground, cut off and remove the aerial part of the plant. Then unwashed roots and rhizomes are laid out for drying. Dried in the shade under a canopy or in a dryer at a temperature of 45°C. The shelf life of raw materials is 2 years. In order to avoid the depletion of natural thickets of madder, it is recommended to reuse them no more than 3 years later. Madder harvesting in gardens and vineyards should be carried out annually during the first plowing of row spacings (in February – early April, also in November). dyes.

PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES

Madder roots in the form of an extract, as well as powder and other herbal products of the plant loosen and destroy kidney and bladder stones, which contain mainly calcium and magnesium phosphates and oxalates. Galenic forms of madder dye also have antispasmodic and diuretic effects. In addition, plant products lower the tone and increase the peristaltic contractions of the muscles of the renal pelvis and ureters, thereby contributing to the movement of stones and their removal from the kidneys and urinary tract.

APPLICATIONS IN MEDICINE

Roots, rhizomes. In scientific medicine, dry extract is an antispasmodic, diuretic agent that promotes loosening of urinary calculi containing calcium and magnesium phosphates and oxalates, to reduce spasms and discharge of small calculi in urolithiasis; is part of the complex product “Cystenal”. In homeopathy, powder, tincture – for anemia, accompanied by amenorrhea, diseases of the spleen. In Tibetan medicine (as part of complex recipes) – for angina and diphtheria; in Indian – with amenorrhea and anuria; in Korean (as part of a multicomponent decoction) – with heart valve insufficiency. In folk medicine, powder, infusion, decoction, extract – for diseases of the kidneys, urinary tract, liver, spleen, respiratory organs, intestinal tuberculosis, bone tuberculosis, rickets, osteomyelitis, anemia with amenorrhea, ascites, dysentery, scrofula, gout, sciatica; externally – with ulcers, dermatomycosis, age spots. Decoction externally – for skin cancer. In Turkmenistan – in violation of memory. Stems. In Turkmenistan, ointment (mixed with egg yolks and alum) externally – for bruises, dislocations, fractures.

DOSAGE FORMS, METHOD OF APPLICATION AND DOSES

Dry madder extract (Extractum Rubiae tinctoriae siccum) is available in tablets of 0.25 g. Take 2-3 tablets 3 times every day. Before taking the tablets, dissolve in 1/2 cup of warm water. The course of treatment is 20-30 days. If necessary, the course of treatment is repeated after 4-6 weeks. Madder dye extract is CONTRAINDICATED in glomerulonephritis, severe renal failure and gastric ulcer. 8 g, olive oil up to 10 g. Take 3-4 drops on sugar 30 minutes before meals; with an attack of colic, take a single dose of 20 drops. Patients with frequent bouts of colic are prescribed 10 drops per reception 3 times every day. For heartburn associated with taking the product, it is taken during or after a meal. Produced in bottles of 10 ml. Cystenal is CONTRAINDICATED for glomerulonephritis, severe renal failure and gastric ulcer. Infusion of roots and rhizomes of madder dye (Bulgarian recipe): 1 teaspoon of crushed raw material is poured into 200 ml of cold water, insisted for 8 hours, then the extract is filtered and the raw material is re-filled with 200 ml boiling water and filter again after 15 minutes. Both infusions are mixed and drunk in several doses throughout the day. ♦ Powder of roots and rhizomes of madder dye: take 1 g 3 times every day with a small amount of water. CONTRAINDICATIONS AND POSSIBLE SIDE EFFECTS: an overdose of plant products can cause pain and exacerbate chronic inflammatory diseases. Produced in bottles of 10 ml. Cystenal is CONTRAINDICATED for glomerulonephritis, severe renal failure and gastric ulcer. Infusion of roots and rhizomes of madder dye (Bulgarian recipe): 1 teaspoon of crushed raw material is poured into 200 ml of cold water, insisted for 8 hours, then the extract is filtered and the raw material is re-filled with 200 ml boiling water and filter again after 15 minutes. Both infusions are mixed and drunk in several doses throughout the day. ♦ Powder of roots and rhizomes of madder dye: take 1 g 3 times every day with a small amount of water. CONTRAINDICATIONS AND POSSIBLE SIDE EFFECTS: an overdose of plant products can cause pain and exacerbate chronic inflammatory diseases. Produced in bottles of 10 ml. Cystenal is CONTRAINDICATED for glomerulonephritis, severe renal failure and gastric ulcer. Infusion of roots and rhizomes of madder dye (Bulgarian recipe): 1 teaspoon of crushed raw material is poured into 200 ml of cold water, insisted for 8 hours, then the extract is filtered and the raw material is re-filled with 200 ml boiling water and filter again after 15 minutes. Both infusions are mixed and drunk in several doses throughout the day. ♦ Powder of roots and rhizomes of madder dye: take 1 g 3 times every day with a small amount of water. CONTRAINDICATIONS AND POSSIBLE SIDE EFFECTS: an overdose of plant products can cause pain and exacerbate chronic inflammatory diseases. severe renal failure and gastric ulcer. Infusion of roots and rhizomes of madder dye (Bulgarian recipe): 1 teaspoon of crushed raw material is poured into 200 ml of cold water, infused for 8 hours, then the extract is filtered and the raw material is poured again with 200 ml of boiling water and after 15 minutes filter again. Both infusions are mixed and drunk in several doses throughout the day. ♦ Powder of roots and rhizomes of madder dye: take 1 g 3 times every day with a small amount of water. CONTRAINDICATIONS AND POSSIBLE SIDE EFFECTS: an overdose of plant products can cause pain and exacerbate chronic inflammatory diseases. severe renal failure and gastric ulcer. Infusion of roots and rhizomes of madder dye (Bulgarian recipe): 1 teaspoon of crushed raw material is poured into 200 ml of cold water, infused for 8 hours, then the extract is filtered and the raw material is poured again with 200 ml of boiling water and after 15 minutes filter again. Both infusions are mixed and drunk in several doses throughout the day. ♦ Powder of roots and rhizomes of madder dye: take 1 g 3 times every day with a small amount of water. CONTRAINDICATIONS AND POSSIBLE SIDE EFFECTS: an overdose of plant products can cause pain and exacerbate chronic inflammatory diseases. insist for 8 hours, then the extract is filtered and the raw material is poured again with 200 ml of boiling water and filtered again after 15 minutes. Both infusions are mixed and drunk in several doses throughout the day. ♦ Powder of roots and rhizomes of madder dye: take 1 g 3 times every day with a small amount of water. CONTRAINDICATIONS AND POSSIBLE SIDE EFFECTS: an overdose of plant products can cause pain and exacerbate chronic inflammatory diseases. insist for 8 hours, then the extract is filtered and the raw material is poured again with 200 ml of boiling water and filtered again after 15 minutes. Both infusions are mixed and drunk in several doses throughout the day. ♦ Powder of roots and rhizomes of madder dye: take 1 g 3 times every day with a small amount of water. CONTRAINDICATIONS AND POSSIBLE SIDE EFFECTS: an overdose of plant products can cause pain and exacerbate chronic inflammatory diseases.

APPLICATIONS IN OTHER FIELDS

In veterinary medicine extract, dry extract – for urolithiasis. Madder dye has been used since ancient times for dyeing wool and leather. It is currently used in carpet production. The color of the dyes obtained from it is from pink to purple. Feed (in hay) for cattle; when eaten in large quantities, the milk of cows becomes red. Honey plant. It is cultivated in many countries of Western Europe and some countries of Asia to obtain a dye. Especially appreciated for its high quality madder grown in Dagestan, near Derbent.

ELEMENTS OF AGROTECHNICAL CULTIVATION

Madder seedlings suffer from spring frosts, so the sowing period should be chosen in such a way that young plants do not fall under frost. In winters with little snow, even at temperatures down to minus 15 ° C, madder can freeze out, so it is placed in protected areas, and snow retention is carried out in winter. It grows well in culture on light and medium loose soils with a deep arable layer. The area under the madder is dug up to a depth of 30 cm, 2-3 kg of manure or compost, 4-5 g of nitrogen, 6 g of phosphorus and potassium per 1 m 2 are added. Seeds are sown at soil temperature not lower than 6-8°C. The distance between the rows is 45-60 cm. The seeds are planted to a depth of 6-7 cm. They germinate at a temperature of 8-10°C. The mass of 1000 seeds is 30-31 g. When propagated by rhizomes, furrows are made at least 8-10 cm deep. Rhizomes 6-8 cm long are laid at a distance of 10-15 cm from each other, quickly fall asleep and roll the soil surface. During the growing season, 1-2 weedings are done. In autumn, crops spud. In the 2nd year, in early spring, dead parts of plants are removed and nitrogen-phosphorus fertilizers are applied at the rate of 3 g per 1 m 2.Marketable products of madder are obtained in the 2nd-3rd year of plant life. The roots and rhizomes are harvested late in the fall (after the cessation of their growth) or early in the spring (before their growth begins). In this case, it is possible to remove not the entire plant, but only part of it, leaving approximately one 30% of the rhizomes in the soil. This will allow for the next 1-2 years to get another crop of raw materials from the same site. Total with 1 m 2 . Ridges for 2-3 years receive 0.3-0.4 kg of air-dry raw materials of madder. The culture of madder is possible on rain-fed lands, however, when irrigated, its yield increases by 2-3 c/ha. For the industrial culture of madder dyeing, the most promising are the coastal regions of Central and Southern Dagestan; in Azerbaijan, its yield reaches 12-13 c/ha.