Popular names: redhead, blackhead, cones, hernia, black grass, wild mountain ash.
BLEEDER (Sanguisorba officinalis L.)Perennial herbaceous plant of the Rosaceae family, up to 1 m high. The rhizome is thick, woody, horizontal, up to 12 cm long with longish thin roots. The stem is hollow, ribbed, straight, branched in the upper part. Basal leaves are large, on long petioles, pinnate, with many oblong serrated leaves. The upper stem leaves are smaller, sessile. The flowers are small, dark red, bisexual, consisting of a four-parted calyx, without petals, with 4 dark red stamens and 1 style. Collected in oval or oval-cylindrical spicate inflorescences, sitting on long peduncles at the ends of the branches. The plant blooms in the 4-5th year of life. The fruit is a dry one-seeded brown nut. Blossoms in June – August, fruits ripen in August – September. Propagated by seeds (mainly) and vegetatively (segments of rhizomes). The life expectancy of burnet under natural conditions is up to 40 years, in crops – 7 – 8 years. Distributed throughout Western and Eastern Siberia, the Far East, the Urals; in the European part of the CIS is much less common. Healing burnet has optimal growth conditions in meadow communities on slightly acidic, rather rich, slightly and medium humus soils. It tolerates only non-cordial shading, with a stronger generative shoots do not develop. Burnet as a medicinal plant has been known since the 16th century. in the European part of the CIS is much less common. Healing burnet has optimal growth conditions in meadow communities on slightly acidic, rather rich, slightly and medium humus soils. It tolerates only non-cordial shading, with a stronger generative shoots do not develop. Burnet as a medicinal plant has been known since the 16th century. in the European part of the CIS is much less common. Healing burnet has optimal growth conditions in meadow communities on slightly acidic, rather rich, slightly and medium humus soils. It tolerates only non-cordial shading, with a stronger generative shoots do not develop. Burnet as a medicinal plant has been known since the 16th century.
COLLECTION AND DRYING OF RAW MATERIALS
Medicinal raw materials are rhizomes with roots (Rhizoma cum radicibus Sanguisorbae), which are harvested during the fruiting period of the plant, when it becomes visible in the herbage by dark red inflorescences. Dig up the plant with shovels with groove-shaped rounded blades. In order to preserve the thickets, part of the plants should be left for renewal (1-2 plants per 10 m 2). Repeated preparations are carried out in one place after 10 years. The dug out rhizomes with roots are shaken off the ground, the stems are cut off and washed in cold water. The washed raw materials are immediately laid out for drying. Then the remnants of the stems are cut to the base of the rhizomes, subsequently cut into pieces up to 20 cm long and delivered to the place of drying. Before drying, they are dried in the open air, and then dried in the sun, in attics, in dryers or ovens at a temperature of 40-50°C. It is not recommended to dry on iron pans and sieves: the raw material turns black and loses its medicinal properties. The raw material is considered dry if it does not bend, but breaks. The shelf life of raw materials is 5 years. The taste of raw materials is astringent, there is no smell. The rhizomes and roots of burnet are harvested mainly in Siberia, where it forms significant thickets, also in the Urals, in Tatarstan.
PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES
The high content of tannins determines the astringent, anti-inflammatory and hemostatic effect of galenic burnet products. The discovered complex of polyphenols has P-vitamin and antihypoxic activity, as well as a pronounced stimulating effect on the work of the heart, positively affecting its contractility.
APPLICATIONS IN MEDICINE
Rhizomes with roots. Decoction, liquid extract – as a hemostatic, astringent, angiospastic, slowing down intestinal motility and relieving spasms, analgesic and powerful bactericidal agent; with gastrointestinal diseases (enteritis, colitis, dysentery), with internal bleeding (pulmonary, intestinal, uterine), diseases of the oral cavity (gingivitis, stomatitis, etc.). In folk medicine, a decoction is used for diarrhea of various origins, hemoptysis, uterine bleeding; externally – for washing bleeding and festering wounds, ulcers, bedsores; in the form of lotions – for burns; rinsing – with inflammatory processes of the oral cavity; baths (sedentary) – with hemorrhoids; douching – with inflammatory processes of the uterus, which are accompanied by bleeding. The decoction gives a quick effect in the treatment of acute purulent conjunctivitis in children. Powder – for powdering wounds. Tincture – for lubricating gums. Aerial part. In homeopathy – hemostatic in lung diseases; in gynecology; diarrhea. In Western Europe, in addition, as a wound healing, diuretic; with malignant tumors, phlebitis, thrombophlebitis. In folk medicine, externally – as an anesthetic for bruises and dislocations. Leaves. In the Caucasus – with tuberculosis. In Yakutia – hemostatic. In the Far East – wound healing, with malignant tumors of the gums, have a protistocidal effect. Used in homeopathy. Leaves, flowers. In Central Asia – with gastrointestinal diseases, hemorrhoids. Flowers. In Siberia – in diseases of the respiratory system, dysentery, they have a protistocidal effect. In homeopathy – hemostatic in lung diseases; in gynecology; diarrhea. In Western Europe, in addition, as a wound healing, diuretic; with malignant tumors, phlebitis, thrombophlebitis. In folk medicine, externally – as an anesthetic for bruises and dislocations. Leaves. In the Caucasus – with tuberculosis. In Yakutia – hemostatic. In the Far East – wound healing, with malignant tumors of the gums, have a protistocidal effect. Used in homeopathy. Leaves, flowers. In Central Asia – with gastrointestinal diseases, hemorrhoids. Flowers. In Siberia – in diseases of the respiratory system, dysentery, they have a protistocidal effect. In homeopathy – hemostatic in lung diseases; in gynecology; diarrhea. In Western Europe, in addition, as a wound healing, diuretic; with malignant tumors, phlebitis, thrombophlebitis. In folk medicine, externally – as an anesthetic for bruises and dislocations. Leaves. In the Caucasus – with tuberculosis. In Yakutia – hemostatic. In the Far East – wound healing, with malignant tumors of the gums, have a protistocidal effect. Used in homeopathy. Leaves, flowers. In Central Asia – with gastrointestinal diseases, hemorrhoids. Flowers. In Siberia – in diseases of the respiratory system, dysentery, they have a protistocidal effect. In folk medicine, externally – as an anesthetic for bruises and dislocations. Leaves. In the Caucasus – with tuberculosis. In Yakutia – hemostatic. In the Far East – wound healing, with malignant tumors of the gums, have a protistocidal effect. Used in homeopathy. Leaves, flowers. In Central Asia – with gastrointestinal diseases, hemorrhoids. Flowers. In Siberia – in diseases of the respiratory system, dysentery, they have a protistocidal effect. In folk medicine, externally – as an anesthetic for bruises and dislocations. Leaves. In the Caucasus – with tuberculosis. In Yakutia – hemostatic. In the Far East – wound healing, with malignant tumors of the gums, have a protistocidal effect. Used in homeopathy. Leaves, flowers. In Central Asia – with gastrointestinal diseases, hemorrhoids. Flowers. In Siberia – in diseases of the respiratory system, dysentery, they have a protistocidal effect.
DOSAGE FORMS, METHOD OF APPLICATION AND DOSES
Liquid extract of burnet (Extractum Sanguisorbae fluidum) in 70% alcohol is taken 30-50 drops 3-4 times every day. into an enamel bowl, pour 200 ml of hot boiled water, cover with a lid and heat in boiling water (in a water bath) for 30 minutes, cool at room temperature for 10 minutes, filter. The remaining raw material is squeezed out. The volume of the resulting broth is adjusted with boiled water to 200 ml. The prepared broth is stored in a cool place for no more than 2 days. Take 1 tablespoon 5-6 times every day after meals as an astringent and hemostatic agent. ♦ Steamed burnet herb: 3-4 tablespoons of chopped grass are wrapped in gauze, dipped in boiling water and applied to a sore spot.
APPLICATIONS IN OTHER FIELDS
The underground part is used in veterinary medicine – as an astringent, hemostatic, anthelmintic and for infectious diseases. Water extracts are effective in the fight against European foulbrood of bees. Edible boiled; suitable for tanning leather. Young leaves (have a peculiar strong cucumber smell) are edible as a salad, dried – for dressing salads, fragrant teas. Flowers dye fabrics in gray, black and red. Honey plant. Feed for all types of livestock, after grazing quickly grows back. Decorative. Cultivated.
ELEMENTS OF AGROTECHNICAL CULTIVATION
Healing burnet is responsive to fertilizing with organic and mineral fertilizers. In early spring, after the snow melts, complex mineral fertilizers are scattered at the rate of 30-40 g per 1 m 2and lightly sprinkled with earth, since the root system of the plant is located in the surface layer of the soil. The same amount of fertilizer is applied before sowing seeds. They are sown in holes or rows at a distance of 15-20 cm, watered and sprinkled with a mixture of earth, sand and peat in equal proportions. It is recommended to carry out spring sowing with seeds that have undergone a 2-week stratification (when stored at room conditions, the seeds remain viable for 1.5 years). During the growing season, the soil within the plants is maintained in a loose state, free from weeds. In the second year of culture, the mass of underground organs of one specimen reaches 17-27 g. The crop yield is up to 20 kg / ha.
TASTY TIPS
Salad of burnet and potatoes.
Cut boiled potatoes into slices (50 g). Soak young burnet leaves (40 g) in boiling water for 1 minute, then put in a colander and chop together with green onions (20 g). Combine with potatoes, salt, season with sour cream (20 g) and garnish with herbs.
Salad from the rhizomes of the burnet.
Soak young rhizomes in water, boil, peel, finely chop. Mix the resulting mass (60 g) with chopped carrots (40 g), mayonnaise (20 g), garlic (1-2 g), salt (to taste).
Tea from burnet and St. John’s wort.
Stir equal parts of dried herb burnet and St. John’s wort. Store in a closed container. Brew like regular tea.
Burnet drink and mint.
Pour dry flower heads of burnet (60 g) with boiling water (2 l), cool and strain through a sieve. Separately, brew mint (10 g) in 1 liter of boiling water, strain it after 5-10 minutes. Mix both solutions and add granulated sugar (150 g). Serve cold and hot.
Kissel from the rhizomes of the burnet.
Rhizomes (150 g) wash, freeze, finely chop and pour milk (200 ml). Add sugar (10 g) and water (50 ml). Cook until cooked, crushing and rubbing the rhizomes during cooking. Serve chilled.