Popular names: senna holly, Alexandrian leaf.
Cassia acutifolia Del. A perennial tropical shrub or semi-shrub plant of the legume family (Fabaceae), up to 1 m high. The leaves are alternate, compound, pair-pinnate, with 4-8 pairs of leaflets. Leaflets are lanceolate, entire, pointed, pointed at the apex, leathery, short-petiolate. The flowers are irregular, yellow, white or pink, collected in axillary inflorescences – brushes. The fruit is a reticulated short or elongated bean with numerous seeds. Seeds are yellowish or greenish, flat, somewhat wrinkled, angular-heart-shaped or almost quadrangular. Weight of 1000 seeds 26-30 g. Blossoms in June – August, fruits ripen in September. The homeland of the plant is the Nile Valley and Sudan, the Red Sea coast and Arabia.
COLLECTION AND DRYING OF RAW MATERIALS
For medicinal purposes, parietal leaves are used, called the Alexandrian leaf, less often the fruits are Alexandrian pods. When a yellow tint appears at the lowest leaves, their harvesting begins. After 15-20 days, the main collection of the sheet is carried out. The last harvest is completed before the appearance of frost. The collected leaves are quickly dried under awnings, in rooms with good ventilation, in attics under an iron roof or in dryers at a temperature of 40-45 ° C, spread out in a thin layer on paper or cloth, periodically turning over. Drying is completed when the fragility of the midrib is obtained. The shelf life of raw materials is 2 years. Similarly to cassia holly, for medical purposes, narrow-leaved cassia (Cassia angustifolia) is used, which under culture conditions reaches 2 m. It has a taproot, slightly branched, deeply rooted in the soil. Stem erect, branched,
PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES
The plant stimulates appetite and acts as a gentle laxative and diuretic. Anthraglycosides are the main active ingredient that enhances the motor activity of the large intestine. With long-term use, cassia does not have a toxic effect on the body, does not cause subsequent constipation, acts gently, painlessly and slowly, so cassia infusion is taken at night. With the systematic intake of cassia products, a laxative effect is observed on the 2nd-3rd day.
APPLICATIONS IN MEDICINE
Leaves. In scientific medicine, the infusion is used to regulate bowel function, as a laxative for chronic atonic constipation, hemorrhoids and anal fissures, constipation during pregnancy, liver and gallbladder diseases, and amoebic dysentery. In Chinese medicine in small doses – to improve appetite and digestion, in large doses – as a laxative for constipation, edema, glaucoma, oligomenorrhea; externally – with conjunctivitis, pyoderma and other skin diseases. Leaves are part of antihemorrhoidal tea, laxative tea.
DOSAGE FORMS, METHOD OF APPLICATION AND DOSES
Dry senna extract (Extractum Sennae siccum) is available in tablets of 0.3 g. The drug is taken 1-2 tablets per dose 2-3 times every day before meals or 1-2 tablets at night and in the morning on an empty stomach. Store in a cool dry place. Senna extract has a laxative effect when systematically taken at least 0.2 g 2 times every day. However, the dose of senna extract should be selected individually. In the absence of side effects, it can be increased to 0.6-0.8 g / day. The drug acts gently. While taking it, regular, formed stools appear, which distinguishes this product from other laxatives (magnesium sulfate, rhubarb root, buckthorn bark), which are stronger, but do not often cause loose stools and intestinal pain. Side effects (flatulence, abdominal pain, rumbling) are observed very infrequently and disappear immediately after the withdrawal of the product. Senna extract also has a positive effect on the bile excretory and antitoxic functions of the liver. Senna leaf infusion (Infusum folii Sennae): 8 g (2 tablespoons) of raw material is poured into 200 ml of hot boiled water, heated in a sealed container in boiling water (in a water bath) for for 30 minutes, cooled at room temperature for 45 minutes, the remaining leaves are squeezed. The volume of the resulting infusion is adjusted with boiled water to 200 ml. The prepared infusion is stored in a cool place for no more than 2 days. Take 1 / 3-1 / 2 cups in the morning and at night as a laxative for constipation. Senna leaf (Folium Sennae). Cassia leaf (Folium Cassiae). Includes individual leaflets of a complex paired leaf of cultivated shrubs of cassia holly and cassia angustifolia. Available in packs of 50 g. The leaves are stored in a dry, cool place. Senna leaf (crushed) is also produced in the form of briquettes weighing 75 g, divided into 10 slices. Two slices are poured into 200 ml of boiling water, boiled for 5 minutes, insisted for an hour, filtered and cooled. Take 1 tablespoon 1-3 times every day. Tablets of dry senna extract, 0.3 g each (Tabulettae extracti Sennae siccum 0.3) – brownish-gray color (spotted), bittersweet taste. Contains 0.3 g of dry extract obtained from senna leaves by extraction with 70% alcohol. Assign 1-2 tablets 2-3 times every day before meals or 1-2 tablets at night or in the morning on an empty stomach. Release form: 25 tablets in jars. Store in a dry place. Compound licorice root powder (Pulvis Glycyrrhizae compositum) – see below. cool place. Senna leaf (crushed) is also produced in the form of briquettes weighing 75 g, divided into 10 slices. Two slices are poured into 200 ml of boiling water, boiled for 5 minutes, insisted for an hour, filtered and cooled. Take 1 tablespoon 1-3 times every day. Tablets of dry senna extract, 0.3 g each (Tabulettae extracti Sennae siccum 0.3) – brownish-gray color (spotted), bittersweet taste. Contains 0.3 g of dry extract obtained from senna leaves by extraction with 70% alcohol. Assign 1-2 tablets 2-3 times every day before meals or 1-2 tablets at night or in the morning on an empty stomach. Release form: 25 tablets in jars. Store in a dry place. Compound licorice root powder (Pulvis Glycyrrhizae compositum) – see below. cool place. Senna leaf (crushed) is also produced in the form of briquettes weighing 75 g, divided into 10 slices. Two slices are poured into 200 ml of boiling water, boiled for 5 minutes, insisted for an hour, filtered and cooled. Take 1 tablespoon 1-3 times every day. Tablets of dry senna extract, 0.3 g each (Tabulettae extracti Sennae siccum 0.3) – brownish-gray color (spotted), bittersweet taste. Contains 0.3 g of dry extract obtained from senna leaves by extraction with 70% alcohol. Assign 1-2 tablets 2-3 times every day before meals or 1-2 tablets at night or in the morning on an empty stomach. Release form: 25 tablets in jars. Store in a dry place. Compound licorice root powder (Pulvis Glycyrrhizae compositum) – see below. divided into 10 slices. Two slices are poured into 200 ml of boiling water, boiled for 5 minutes, insisted for an hour, filtered and cooled. Take 1 tablespoon 1-3 times every day. Tablets of dry senna extract, 0.3 g each (Tabulettae extracti Sennae siccum 0.3) – brownish-gray color (spotted), bittersweet taste. Contains 0.3 g of dry extract obtained from senna leaves by extraction with 70% alcohol. Assign 1-2 tablets 2-3 times every day before meals or 1-2 tablets at night or in the morning on an empty stomach. Release form: 25 tablets in jars. Store in a dry place. Compound licorice root powder (Pulvis Glycyrrhizae compositum) – see below. divided into 10 slices. Two slices are poured into 200 ml of boiling water, boiled for 5 minutes, insisted for an hour, filtered and cooled. Take 1 tablespoon 1-3 times every day. Tablets of dry senna extract, 0.3 g each (Tabulettae extracti Sennae siccum 0.3) – brownish-gray color (spotted), bittersweet taste. Contains 0.3 g of dry extract obtained from senna leaves by extraction with 70% alcohol. Assign 1-2 tablets 2-3 times every day before meals or 1-2 tablets at night or in the morning on an empty stomach. Release form: 25 tablets in jars. Store in a dry place. Compound licorice root powder (Pulvis Glycyrrhizae compositum) – see below. Dry senna extract tablets 0.3 g each (Tabulettae extracti Sennae siccum 0.3) – brownish-gray color (spotted), bittersweet taste. Contains 0.3 g of dry extract obtained from senna leaves by extraction with 70% alcohol. Assign 1-2 tablets 2-3 times every day before meals or 1-2 tablets at night or in the morning on an empty stomach. Release form: 25 tablets in jars. Store in a dry place. Compound licorice root powder (Pulvis Glycyrrhizae compositum) – see below. Dry senna extract tablets 0.3 g each (Tabulettae extracti Sennae siccum 0.3) – brownish-gray color (spotted), bittersweet taste. Contains 0.3 g of dry extract obtained from senna leaves by extraction with 70% alcohol. Assign 1-2 tablets 2-3 times every day before meals or 1-2 tablets at night or in the morning on an empty stomach. Release form: 25 tablets in jars. Store in a dry place. Compound licorice root powder (Pulvis Glycyrrhizae compositum) – see below.Licorice naked . Senna infusion is complex, or Viennese drink (Infusum Sennae compositum) is obtained from crushed senna leaves – 10 parts, sodium-potassium tartrate (senet salt) – 10 parts, purified honey – 10 parts, alcohol – 95% – 10 parts, boiled water – 75 parts. Dark-brown transparent liquid of honey smell, sweet-salty taste. Assign adults 1-3 tablespoons per reception; children 2-4 years old – 1 teaspoon, 5-7 years old – 1 dessert spoon, 8-14 years old – 1 dessert spoon – 1 tablespoon. Laxative tea No. 2 – see Laxative joster.Antihemorrhoidal tea (Species antihaemorrhoidales). Ingredients: senna leaf, buckthorn bark, yarrow herb, coriander fruit, licorice root – 20 g each. Pour 200 ml of boiling water over one tablespoon of the mixture, leave for 20 minutes, then filter. Take 1 / 2-1 glass at night. Senade (Senade), a synonym for Senade. A preparation containing senna leaf anthraglycosides. It is produced in the form of tablets (brown) containing 13.5 mg of calcium salts of sennosides A and B, which corresponds to the activity of 0.6 g of senna leaves in powder form. Assign inside before meals, 1 tablet (traditionally at night). If there is no effect, increase the dose after a few days to 2-3 tablets per dose. Children 1-3 years old are prescribed 1/2 tablet (if necessary, up to 1 tablet), children 4-12 years old – 1 tablet (if necessary, up to 1.5-2 tablets). The chair is normalized traditionally in a few days after the start of taking the product. Produced in a pack of 50 tablets. Store in a cool dry place. The drug is produced in India. Glaxena (Glaxena). Tablets similar in composition and action to Senade tablets. See instructions for use and dosage.Senade. Produced in India. Kafiol (Cafiolum) – a combined product in the form of briquettes of dark brown color with yellow patches (seeds of fig fruits), a peculiar fruity smell and taste. Kafiol contains: senna leaves 0.7 g, senna fruits 0.3 g, plum fruit pulp 2.2 g, fig fruits 4.4 g, vaseline oil 0.84 g. The drug has a laxative effect due to chemical irritation (anthraquinones of leaves and senna fruits) and mechanical irritation (by pectins of plum and fig fruits) of the intestine, also as a result of facilitating the movement of intestinal contents (with vaseline oil). Accepted in the evening. The briquette must be chewed. Dose – 1/2-1 briquette at the reception; with persistent constipation 1.5-2 briquettes (in 2 doses). The highest daily dose is 6 briquettes. Depending on the nature of the disease, they are taken once or in courses (10-14 days). Possible side effects – cramping abdominal pain, frequent loose stools. These phenomena disappear after drug withdrawal or dose reduction. Is issued in the form of briquettes (in a pack of 6 pieces). Store in a cool, dark place. CONTRAINDICATIONS AND POSSIBLE SIDE EFFECTS: with long-term use of cassia products, addiction to them develops, which weakens their therapeutic effect. Therefore, it is advisable to prescribe them alternately with other laxatives. which weakens their therapeutic effect. Therefore, it is advisable to prescribe them alternately with other laxatives. which weakens their therapeutic effect. Therefore, it is advisable to prescribe them alternately with other laxatives.
ELEMENTS OF AGROTECHNICAL CULTIVATION
It is cultivated in India, Pakistan, Sudan, Egypt, in the south of Ukraine, in the Krasnodar Territory, Azerbaijan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan. Propagated by sowing seeds in late April – early May in well-warmed soil (not below 20 ° C). Seeding depth 3-4 cm, seeding rate 7-8 kg/ha, row spacing 60-70 cm.