Acute pharyngitis

Acute pharyngitis

Acute pharyngitis (AF) is an acute diffuse inflammation of the pharyngeal mucosa, sometimes occurring as an independent disease, but more often associated with catarrhal inflammation of the upper respiratory tract. Distinguish between bacterial and viral OP.

Etiology

• • Bacterial OF (30%)
  • B-hemolytic streptococcus group A
  • Neisseria gonorrhoeae
  • Corynebacterium diphtheriae
  • haemophilus influenzae
  • Moraxella (Branhametla) catarrhalis
  • Rarely – streptococci of groups C and J
  • Viral OF (70%)
  • Adenoviruses
  • Rhinoviruses
  • parainfluenza viruses
  • Coxsackieviruses and ECHO
  • Coronaviruses
  • Epstat-Barr virus
  • Cytomegalovirus. Risk factors
  • Hypothermia of the body
  • Sensitization
  • Gas pollution, dustiness of the air (morbidity in urban areas is higher than in rural areas), incl. in production
  • Smoking and alcohol abuse
  • Common infectious diseases and immunodeficiency states
  • Diseases of the kidneys, blood
  • Gonorrhea in young children.

Clinical picture

• • Dry throat, cough, itching, foreign body sensation
  • Sore throat more pronounced with an empty throat (swallowing saliva), sometimes radiating to the ears
  • A slight deterioration in the general condition (malaise, weakness, headache, anorexia, sometimes subfebrile body temperature).

Diagnostics

• • Pharyngoscopy – the mucous membrane of the posterior pharyngeal wall, palatine-globular arches, sometimes the soft palate is intensely hyperemic, infiltrated, edematous, has a varnish appearance. Separate lymphatic follicles are enlarged, appear in the form of reddish tubercles, form strands. Mucous glands produce excess mucus
  • Laboratory research
  • nonspecific inflammatory changes in the general blood test with a leukocyte formula in bacterial OF
  • Bacteriological research
  • Virological study
  • With the etiological role of streptococcus – detection in the peripheral blood of AT to streptococcal Ag. The differential diagnosis is catarrhal angina.

Treatment: outpatient

• • General
  • Exclusion of irritating foods (hot, cold, sour, spicy, salty)
  • Warm fortified drink in the amount of 1.5-2 l / day (detoxification)
  • Antibiotics of the penicillin series
  • Hyposensitizing agents
  • Vitamin therapy.
  • Local
  • Rinsing the throat with warm antiseptic solutions (potassium permanganate, furatsilin, iodinol, silver nitrate) after 30-60 minutes (1-2 sips)
  • Irrigation of the pharynx with aerosol products inhalipt, cameton 4-5 r / day
  • Installations in the nasal cavity of warm 0.5-1% solution of sodium bicarbonate with the addition of 10% aqueous solution of glycerin
  • Pharyngosept
  • Inhalation of coarse aerosols of sodium bicarbonate, vegetable oil (for children – interferon, lysozyme), regardless of the etiology of the process
  • UVR of the posterior wall of the pharynx and the posterior plane of the neck (3-4 biodoses each).

Drug therapy

• • Drugs of choice. For streptococcal pharyngitis to prevent rheumatic fever – antibiotics for 10 days: penicillin V (phenoxymethylpenicillin)

250 mg 3 r / day, erythromycin 300-400 mg 3 r / day (for penicillin allergy) or cephalexin 250 mg 3 r / day.

• • Alternative Products
  • When bacteriocarrier – a combination of a product of the penicillin group and rifampin (rifampicin)
  • Cephalosporins are more effective than penicillins in preventing rheumatic complications
  • Azithromycin and clarithromycin. The main advantage of azithromycin is that after a 5-day intake of antimicrobial action, it continues for 10 days.

Complication – chronic pharyngitis. Prevention

• • Hardening of the body
  • Exclusion of risk factors
  • Adequate restoration of nasal breathing in inflammation of the upper respiratory tract
  • Sanitation of foci of chronic purulent infection.

See also Angina, chronic pharyngitis Reduction. OF – acute pharyngitis of the ICD. J02 Acute pharyngitis