Chronic nephritic syndrome

Chronic nephritic syndrome

Chronic nephritic syndrome is a syndrome that accompanies a number of diseases of various etiologies, characterized by diffuse glomerular sclerosis leading to CRF, clinically manifested by proteinuria, cylindruria, hematuria and arterial hypertension.

Etiology

• • Focal and segmental sclerosis (28%)
  • Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (25%)
  • Glomerulonephritis with crescents (15%)
  • Membranous glomerulonephritis (4%). Pathomorphology
  • Increased extracellular material (mesangial matrix, glomerular basement membrane, collapsed capillary loops), glomerular synechia
  • Deposits of immunoglobulins in the glomeruli – a non-permanent sign
  • Interstitium lesions of varying degrees: tubular atrophy, sclerotic changes.

Clinical picture

• • The disease develops gradually and can be detected during an accidental medical examination.
  • Often there are no subjective complaints, recurrent episodes of proteinuria and hematuria are detected
  • The patient may have signs of uremia – nausea, vomiting, shortness of breath, itching, fatigue
  • Further, orthostatic edema and arterial hypertension, azotemia join.

Laboratory data

• • In the urine – proteinuria, hematuria, erythrocyte and hyaline cylinders
  • In the blood – an increase in the level of urea nitrogen and creatinine, anemia, metabolic acidosis, hyperphosphatemia and other signs of chronic renal failure. The diagnosis is confirmed by kidney biopsy.

Treatment

• • Sodium Restricted Diet
  • Antihypertensive products
  • Treatment of HPN.

Synonyms

• • Chronic glomerulonephritis
  • Slowly progressive glomerular disease
  • Fibroplastic glomerulonephritis Nephritic syndrome, malignant nephrosclerosis. Verger’s disease, Chronic nephritic syndrome, Rapidly progressive nephritic syndrome. Acute nephritic syndrome, Chronic renal failure ICD. N03 Chronic nephritic syndrome