hyperactive child syndrome

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hyperactive child syndrome

Hyperactive Child Syndrome is a disorder characterized by lack of attention, impulsivity and hyperactivity. Manifested by poor performance at school, problems in relationships with peers, frequent conflicts with parents. Frequency. Observed in 3-5% of children of school age, in boys – 5 times more often.

Etiology

    • hereditary predisposition
    • Immaturity of the nervous system
    • Disorders of dopamine metabolism in the central nervous system
    • Toxins (lead), food coloring and salicylates
    • Psychological factors
    • Perinatal pathology
    • Increased demands of society and teachers
    • Purine metabolism disorders.

Genetic aspects (143465, R or polygenic). Assimilation of glucose by different parts of the brain is lower than control by 8%. No gene damage found (one of the candidates is the dopamine transporter DAT1), Risk factors

    • Prenatal factors:
    • preeclampsia
    • use of potentially teratogenic drugs, drugs, alcohol, and smoking
    • Low academic performance
    • Tourette syndrome
    • Mood disorders
    • opposition behavior.

Clinical picture

    • attention deficit
    • Inability to concentrate and making frivolous mistakes when performing certain activities (play, study, work, etc.)
    • Inability to listen to the interlocutor
    • Inability to organize one’s activities, schoolwork, housework, or one’s duties in the workplace, not due to oppositional behavior or failure to understand instructions
    • Avoidance or reluctance to complete tasks that require prolonged mental effort
    • Frequent loss of items necessary to perform a certain type of activity, forgetfulness
    • Increased distractibility to external insignificant stimuli
    • Hyperactivity
    • restlessness
    • Fussiness
    • Circumlocution
    • Impulsiveness
    • impatience
    • Inability to complete the work begun to the end
    • The desire of the second

get into all sorts of situations (for example, interfere in a conversation or games)

    • Often commits life-threatening acts without thinking about the consequences
    • Stigmas of dysembryogenesis:
    • epicanthal folds and ocular hypertelorism 4 low-set or abnormal auricles
    • gothic sky
    • clinodactyly of the fifth finger.

Research methods

    • Laboratory methods
    • Determination of lead content to exclude lead intoxication
    • Thyroid function test
    • General blood test to rule out anemia
    • Special Methods
    • EEG
    • Psychological testing
    • Study of the functions of vision and hearing. Differential Diagnosis
    • Mental retardation
    • Anxiety disorders
    • Oppositional behavior
    • Tourette syndrome
    • Specific learning disability
    • Speech and hearing disorders
    • lead poisoning
    • Reaction to drug therapy (anorexants, antihistamine products, theophylline, phenobarbital)
    • hyperthyroidism
    • Absence.

Treatment

    • Special education (for example, teaching in a class with fewer students)
    • Behavioral therapies to increase the number of structures in the environment, positive reinforcement (stimulation with rewards and rewards), counseling, and cognitive approaches focusing on relaxation and/or self-control
    • Drug therapy plays a secondary role, its appointment is likely only in the absence of the effect of the use of behavioral therapy and special education
    • Psychostimulants
    • Sidnocarb (children over 6 years old) – 2.5-5 mg in 2 divided doses in the morning
    • Pemoline – 18.75-37.5 mg / day
    • Dextroamphetamine (children over 3 years old) at an initial dose of 2.5 mg/day, subsequently increased by 2.5 mg/day until effect is achieved
    • If psychostimulants are ineffective or if there are concomitant mood disorders, TAD, for example, clomipramine 20-30 mg / day
    • Clonidine (clophelin) 4-5 mcg/day
    • with tics.

Current and forecast. The mean age of onset is 3 years. In 20% of cases, the symptoms of the disorder persist throughout the adult period of life. Remissions occur between 12 and 20 years of age.

Synonyms

    • Hyperkinetic impulsive syndrome
    • Attention disorder with ICD hyperactivity. F90.0 Disturbance of activity and attention