Common hop

Popular names: hop, khmelnitsa, gorkach.

ORDINARY HOP (Humulus lupulus L.)Perennial dioecious plant of the mulberry family (Moraceae), with a longish, cord-like, creeping rhizome. The stem is curly, up to 7 m or more in length, hollow, tetrahedral, densely covered with sharp hooked spines along the ribs. The leaves are opposite, long-petiolate, strongly rough, with golden yellow glands; the upper ones are often entire, the rest are palmately incised into 3, less often into 5 pointed lobes. Flowers unisexual, axillary or apical. In female plants, inflorescences are dense cones collected from 20-60 flowers. In the lower part of the cones, lupulin glands with bitter substances are formed in the cells. The male inflorescences are highly branched, leafless panicles. Staminate (male) specimens are traditionally found in the forests. The pollen is very light and can be carried by the wind up to 3 km. The fruit is a single-seeded, brown, flattened nutlet, covered at the base with a flower that remains within. Blossoms from July to mid-August, fruits ripen in August – September. Propagated by seeds and vegetatively (offspring). Life expectancy – 15-20 years or more. It is distributed in almost all regions of the European part of the CIS, in the Caucasus, in Western and Eastern Siberia, in the Far East and Central Asia. It grows on moist and damp fertile soils in black-alder and oak-ash forests, in floodplains, along shrubs and ravines. Prefers humus-rich soils. The plant is poisonous! In Russia, hops have been known, obviously, since pre-Christian times, according to literary sources – from the 10th century. In the XII – XVI centuries it was grown so much that a significant part of the crop went abroad, to Germany. covered at the base with a flower bed remaining within. Blossoms from July to mid-August, fruits ripen in August – September. Propagated by seeds and vegetatively (offspring). Life expectancy – 15-20 years or more. It is distributed in almost all regions of the European part of the CIS, in the Caucasus, in Western and Eastern Siberia, in the Far East and Central Asia. It grows on moist and damp fertile soils in black-alder and oak-ash forests, in floodplains, along shrubs and ravines. Prefers humus-rich soils. The plant is poisonous! In Russia, hops have been known, obviously, since pre-Christian times, according to literary sources – from the 10th century. In the XII – XVI centuries it was grown so much that a significant part of the crop went abroad, to Germany. covered at the base with a flower bed remaining within. Blossoms from July to mid-August, fruits ripen in August – September. Propagated by seeds and vegetatively (offspring). Life expectancy – 15-20 years or more. It is distributed in almost all regions of the European part of the CIS, in the Caucasus, in Western and Eastern Siberia, in the Far East and Central Asia. It grows on moist and damp fertile soils in black-alder and oak-ash forests, in floodplains, along shrubs and ravines. Prefers humus-rich soils. The plant is poisonous! In Russia, hops have been known, obviously, since pre-Christian times, according to literary sources – from the 10th century. In the XII – XVI centuries it was grown so much that a significant part of the crop went abroad, to Germany. fruits ripen in August – September. Propagated by seeds and vegetatively (offspring). Life expectancy – 15-20 years or more. It is distributed in almost all regions of the European part of the CIS, in the Caucasus, in Western and Eastern Siberia, in the Far East and Central Asia. It grows on moist and damp fertile soils in black-alder and oak-ash forests, in floodplains, along shrubs and ravines. Prefers humus-rich soils. The plant is poisonous! In Russia, hops have been known, obviously, since pre-Christian times, according to literary sources – from the 10th century. In the XII – XVI centuries it was grown so much that a significant part of the crop went abroad, to Germany. fruits ripen in August – September. Propagated by seeds and vegetatively (offspring). Life expectancy – 15-20 years or more. It is distributed in almost all regions of the European part of the CIS, in the Caucasus, in Western and Eastern Siberia, in the Far East and Central Asia. It grows on moist and damp fertile soils in black-alder and oak-ash forests, in floodplains, along shrubs and ravines. Prefers humus-rich soils. The plant is poisonous! In Russia, hops have been known, obviously, since pre-Christian times, according to literary sources – from the 10th century. In the XII – XVI centuries it was grown so much that a significant part of the crop went abroad, to Germany. in the Caucasus, Western and Eastern Siberia, the Far East and Central Asia. It grows on moist and damp fertile soils in black-alder and oak-ash forests, in floodplains, along shrubs and ravines. Prefers humus-rich soils. The plant is poisonous! In Russia, hops have been known, obviously, since pre-Christian times, according to literary sources – from the 10th century. In the XII – XVI centuries it was grown so much that a significant part of the crop went abroad, to Germany. in the Caucasus, Western and Eastern Siberia, the Far East and Central Asia. It grows on moist and damp fertile soils in black-alder and oak-ash forests, in floodplains, along shrubs and ravines. Prefers humus-rich soils. The plant is poisonous! In Russia, hops have been known, obviously, since pre-Christian times, according to literary sources – from the 10th century. In the XII – XVI centuries it was grown so much that a significant part of the crop went abroad, to Germany.

COLLECTION AND DRYING OF RAW MATERIALS

Medicinal raw materials are hop cones. They are harvested in the initial stage of ripening, around mid-August. It is best to start harvesting a few days before they are fully ripe, when they are still greenish yellow (bright green indicates underripe, tan indicates overripe). It is also not recommended to collect cones with greatly enlarged and protruding scales: they contain many seeds and little lupulin substance. Cones are cut off (each separately) together with pedicels up to 2.5 cm long (cones without legs crumble during drying). The collected raw materials will need to be quickly dried in the shade, spreading out in a thin layer. Properly dried buds retain their natural color, aroma and firmness. The shelf life of raw materials is 3 years. The smell of raw materials is specific, hoppy, the taste is slightly tart. Sifting through a sieve

PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES

The flavonoids, hormones and vitamins contained in the plant determine the anti-inflammatory, antiulcer, capillary-strengthening, hyposensitizing and analgesic properties of the hop cone extract. A positive effect of hop herbal products on metabolic processes and especially on the regulation of fat, mineral and water metabolism was noted. The neurotropic effect of hop cone galenic products is associated with the presence of lupulin in them, which has a calming effect on the central nervous system. Anti-inflammatory, analgesic, bactericidal and anti-allergic properties of galenic plant products determine their therapeutic efficacy in diseases of the skin and mucous membranes, accompanied by inflammatory lesions, allergic manifestations, itching and other symptoms.

APPLICATIONS IN MEDICINE

inflorescences. Infusion – for malignant tumors, menopausal ailments; as a diuretic in uric acid diathesis; as a sedative, sleeping pill; in Bulgaria – in dermatology. Dry extract is part of the products “Khovaletten” and “Valosedan”, essential oil – in the composition of “Valocordin”. Infusion (inside) – to stimulate appetite, improve digestion, with gastritis, gastroenteritis, increased nervous excitability, insomnia, with inflammatory diseases of the bladder, kidneys, liver and gallbladder. Infusion, ointment (externally) – for bruises, ulcers, gouty and rheumatic pains, eczema, baldness. Cones are an integral part of the Urolesan product, indicated in urological practice for renal and hepatic colic. In folk medicine, infusions – as a sleeping pill, anticonvulsant, analgesic and sedative; with diseases of the nervous system, peptic ulcer, gastritis, to stimulate appetite; with cholecystitis, viscerontosis, nephritis, cystitis, ascites; in the form of baths – with hypertension and atherosclerosis. Decoction (in the form of rinses) – in the Caucasus with scurvy and loss of voice. A decoction of immature seedlings – with thrombophlebitis; infusions – for pulmonary tuberculosis, scrofulosis, malaria, syphilis, helminthiasis, diseases of the joints, spleen; as an antiscorbutic. In dermatology and cosmetics – to strengthen hair and acne. Based on hops, the industry produces a number of therapeutic creams and solutions designed to eliminate dandruff, strengthen hair, and treat dermatitis, acne, and cheilitis. Lupulin in folk medicine – for dropsy, scurvy, chronic skin rashes, skin spots, constipation, shortness of breath, convulsions, chronic rheumatism. In Bulgaria, cones and lupulin are used as a stomachic, diuretic, sedative. In France – with excessive sexual excitability; as a means of strengthening the cardiovascular system, increasing appetite and improving digestion.

DOSAGE FORMS, METHOD OF APPLICATION AND DOSES

Valocordin (Valocordin). The composition of the drops: ethyl ester of a-bromoisovaleric acid – 2 g, sodium salt of phenylethylbarbituric acid – 2 g, hop oil – 0.02 g, peppermint oil – 0.14 g, ethyl alcohol – 48 g, distilled water – up to 100 g The drug is administered orally with a small amount of water or on a piece of sugar, starting with 5-10 drops with a gradual increase to 15-20 drops 2-3 times every day; with tachycardia, take 30-50 drops per dose. Urolesan (Urolesanum) is a greenish-brown liquid with a burning, cooling taste, with a characteristic mint odor. Ingredients: fir oil – 8 g, peppermint oil – 2 g, castor oil – 11 g, wild carrot seed extract – 23 g, hop cones extract – 32.995 g, oregano extract – 23 g, Trilon B – 0.005 g. has antiseptic properties, increases diuresis, acidifies urine, increases the excretion of urea and chlorides, enhances bile formation and bile secretion, improves hepatic blood flow. Urolesan is used for various forms of urolithiasis and cholelithiasis, salt diathesis, acute and chronic pyelonephritis and cholecystitis, cholangiohepatitis and biliary dyskinesia, 8-10 drops on a piece of sugar under the tongue 3 times every day before meals. The course of treatment depends on the severity of the disease and lasts from 5 days to 1 month. With renal and hepatic colic, a single dose can be increased to 15-20 drops. SIDE EFFECTS: when using the product, slight dizziness, nausea are likely. In this case, you will need a plentiful hot drink and rest. Infusion of hop cones: 1 tablespoon of crushed raw materials is poured into 200 ml of boiling water and heated in a water bath for 15 minutes, then cooled and filtered. Take 1/4 cup 3 times every day before meals; for external use, moisten a gauze bandage with infusion. ♦ A decoction of hop cones: 1 teaspoon of raw material is poured into 200 ml of boiling water, boiled for 20-30 minutes, then filtered. Take 1/4 cup 3-4 times every day.♦ Lupulin. Take 0.15-0.2 g 3 times every day. An overdose of lupulin (1-2 g every day) can cause vomiting, stomach pain, fatigue, fatigue, headaches. ♦ Ointment from hop cones: powdered raw materials are mixed with vegetable oil in a weight ratio of 1:4. Used externally as an analgesic and wound healing agent. CONTRAINDICATIONS AND POSSIBLE SIDE EFFECTS: with an overdose of galenic products of hop cones, nausea, vomiting, headache, a feeling of general fatigue and weakness are possible. In all cases, the use of medicinal forms of hops should be under the supervision of the attending physician, since the plant is poisonous. Hop preparations are contraindicated during pregnancy.

APPLICATIONS IN OTHER FIELDS

Young shoots can be used to make cabbage soup, as well as a substitute for asparagus and beans. The fiber of the stems (its length is up to 12.8 mm with a diameter of 0.027 mm) is used for the manufacture of burlap, yarn, ropes, paper (fiber yield up to 50%). Seedlings are used for fermentation of wort and in bakery in the manufacture of starter cultures. Feed for large and small cattle, horses, pigs. As an ornamental climbing plant, hops are bred in household garden plots. It is cultivated in Ukraine, in Russia (in Bryansk, Moscow, Penza and other regions). Abroad, it is widely cultivated in the USA, England, Germany, the Czech Republic, Slovakia and other countries.

ELEMENTS OF AGROTECHNICAL CULTIVATION

Hop grows in one place up to 15-20 years. Moisture-loving and demanding on soil fertility. It develops well on slightly acidic soils in areas with a humid and warm climate, hot summers. It is propagated traditionally by vegetative means – cuttings, which are grown in the beds in the first year. In the spring of next year, seedlings can be planted in a permanent place – in planting pits filled with 3-4 kg of rotted manure. The distance between plants in a row is 1 m, between rows is 2.25 m. During the growing season, systematic weeding and loosening are carried out, as well as fertilizing with slurry 2-3 times, which contributes to the good development of shoots. With a shoot size of 60-90 cm, they must be let on guide cords made of twine, strong threads. For the winter, shoots spud, which contributes to their reliable overwintering. Plants begin to bear fruit in the first year of life, however, good harvests start from the second year. When growing a plant on a site, it is best to place it to shelter arbors, walls, hedges.

TASTY TIPS

Hop salad.

Rinse young tender hop leaves (100 g) with cold water, blanch for 2-3 minutes, then finely chop, add chopped green onions (25 g), salt (to taste). Season with mayonnaise or sour cream (25 g), sprinkle with dill and parsley.

Soup with hops.

Rinse young underground shoots of hops (150 g) with cold water, cut into pieces and boil in milk (500 ml). Season with browned flour (15 g), add butter (to taste) and salt (to taste).

Cereal soup with hops.

Boil oatmeal (40 g) in water (500 ml) for 10 minutes, add chopped hop roots (150 g), sorrel greens (50 g), salt (to taste) and cook for another 20 minutes. Season with sour cream (25 g), sprinkle with dill.

Shchi with hops.

In meat or vegetable broth (500 ml), boil potatoes (70 g), onions (25 g), add sorrel (100 g), young hop leaves (200 g), bring to a boil. Season with tomato sauce (25 g) (or tomatoes), salt (to taste). Before serving, put slices of hard-boiled eggs, sour cream (25 g), sprinkle with parsley and dill on a plate.

Boiled hop shoots.

Rinse young underground shoots (400 g) with cold water, boil in salted water until tender, then drain in a colander. When the water drains, cut into pieces, season with oil (mayonnaise, tomato sauce).

Stewed hop shoots.

Rinse young underground shoots (300 g) with cold water, cut into pieces, add vegetable or ghee (30 g), salt (to taste) and simmer over low heat until tender. Before serving, season with sour cream (mayonnaise, tomato sauce) (25 g). Sprinkle with parsley and dill.

Roasted hop shoots.

Rinse young underground shoots (400 g) thoroughly with cold water and cook over low heat until tender. Drain the water, bread the shoots in breadcrumbs (40 g), salt, fry in vegetable or ghee (50 g), add the browned onion and continue to fry for another 3-5 minutes. Before serving, season with sour cream (25 g).

Hops porridge.

Rinse young underground hop shoots (150 g), grind, boil in water (100 ml) over low heat for 30 minutes, salt, pour in milk (200 ml) and boil for another 10 minutes.

Hop root porridge.

Rinse the roots (150 g) thoroughly with cold water, grind, boil in water (100 ml) over low heat for 30 minutes, salt, pour in milk (200 ml) and boil for another 10 minutes. Before serving, season with butter (to taste).

Mushroom sauce with hops.

Rinse fresh mushrooms thoroughly, chop, fry with browned onions (50 g onions, 10 g butter), add tomato sauce (25 g), boil for 15 minutes. Then pour in a decoction of hop cones (15 g of cones, 100 ml of water), season with butter (10 g). Serve with meat and fish dishes.

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