Perennial plant, shrub up to 2 m tall. The branches are reddish, shiny; non-flowering shoots – with frequent, thin, straight spikes, sometimes bent down; flowering branches – with hard, curved in pairs, spikes located at the base of the petioles. The leaves are alternate, petiolate, pinnate, with stipules, leaflets -5-7 pairs, oval, finely serrated along the edge. Flowers large, pink, solitary. The calyx is five-parted, with fruits upright. The fruits are false, ovoid, berry-like, bright red, with many fruitlets and achenes and. Blooms from mid-May to July. The fruits ripen in August-September.
The plant is widespread in all areas. It occurs in forests, floodplains, ravines, ravines, along the edges of watershed forests.
When collecting, it is necessary to distinguish dog rose, which is less valuable in medicinal terms. It has spherical fruits, which, when ripe, are tightly pressed to the calyx.
Medicinal raw materials are false fruits, seeds, in folk medicine – branches and roots (15 cm from the ground plane), flower petals. The fruits are harvested in the period of full maturity from the end of August – September, when they acquire a characteristic color – orange or red, and finish at the first frost (frozen fruits lose vitamin C when thawed). It is not necessary to remove the sepals, because without them the fruits quickly deteriorate and become moldy. The collected fruits are immediately dried in dryers or ovens, at a temperature of 80-90 ° C, spreading in a thin layer (up to 5 cm) on sieves or frames, making sure that the fruits, after drying, break apart in the hands, but do not grind into powder. Ready raw materials – fruits – should be brownish-red or orange in color, with sepals. Stored in a covered, well-ventilated area. Storage period 2 years.
In terms of vitamin C content, rosehip surpasses almost all plant products. The content of vitamin C in the pulp of ripe fruits ranges from 4.8 to 14.4% or more, which exceeds its content in blackcurrant by about 10 times, and in apples by 100 times. The amount of ascorbic acid increases as the fruit ripens. The richest in vitamin C and vitamins in general are rose hips, which grow in the middle and northern regions of Russia. In addition to vitamin C, rose hips contain provitamins A (12-18 mg%), vitamins K, B,, P, also sugars (within 18%), tannins (4.5%), citric acid (within 2% ), pectins. Seeds contain fatty oil, vitamin E. Vitamins are also found in rosehip leaves. According to various sources, the content of vitamin C in the leaves reaches 1.1-1.5%.
Rose hips are mainly used as a multivitamin remedy in the treatment of diseases caused by a lack of ascorbic acid and some other vitamins in the body, as well as anemia, as a tonic, with exhaustion of the body, and other diseases.
It has been established that the extract from the fruit enhances the secretion of bile and is therefore recommended in combination with other drug therapy for diseases of the liver and biliary tract.
The pulp of the fruit is used as a laxative. Dry fruits are part of vitamin collections. Vitamin tea No. 1 consists of equal parts of rose hips and black currants; vitamin tea No. 2 – from rose hips and red rowan berries, taken equally.
In addition to various forms of vitamin products, the holosas product is made from mature rose hips, which is used to treat diseases of the liver and gallbladder. Raw materials for obtaining holosas can be both high- and low-vitamin types of wild rose.
Seeds are used as a choleretic, diuretic and anti-inflammatory agent.
In folk medicine, rose hips have long been used to treat scurvy, with diseases of the liver, kidneys, bladder, heart, high blood pressure, low acidity of the stomach, headaches of a cold nature, colds, and bladder stones; decoction of branches is taken for pain in the abdomen, bloody diarrhea, rheumatism, sciatica. Rosehip roots, in addition, contain many tannins and are used as an astringent. Roots are used for kidney stones, intermittent fever. Flower petals boiled with honey are used to treat erysipelas.
To raise the vitality of the body, use a root up to 15 cm from the ground plane or prepare a decoction, less often a tincture of vodka and use it for diarrhea.
In Tibetan folk medicine, rose hips are used in the treatment of neurasthenia, atherosclerosis and pulmonary tuberculosis.
Application
Rosehip is prescribed inside in a wide variety of forms. The medical industry prepares all kinds of vitamin C concentrates and multivitamin concentrates from fruits in the form of extracts, syrups, powders, tablets, dragees, etc.
Infusion of vitamin collections (vitamin teas No. 1 and 2) are prepared as follows: 2 teaspoons of the collection are poured into 2 cups of boiling water, infused in a warm place, filtered and taken without sugar or adding sugar 1/2 cup 3-4 times every day .
Infusion 1 (at home, to preserve vitamin C): 1 tbsp. a spoonful of whole fruits is poured with a glass of boiling water and boiled for 10 minutes in a closed enameled bowl. Then leave for a day. Dishes must be carefully closed, as air access accelerates the destruction of vitamins. A day later, the infusion is filtered and taken 1/4-1/2 cup 2 times every day. If the infusion is prepared from peeled fruits, then 1 tbsp. pour a spoonful of fruits with 2 cups of boiling water and after ten minutes of boiling insist 3-4 hours. Take 1/2-1/4 cup 2 times every day for infectious diseases (multivitamin remedy).
Infusion 2 (hot): 40-50 g of fruits with grains are poured into a glass of boiling water and, following a certain diet, are taken for gastric and duodenal ulcers, even with bleeding, gastric catarrh with low acidity, with various forms of anemia, including anemia with malignant slope.
Leaf tea has a good effect on littoral function, soothes stomach pains.
Root decoction: 2 tbsp. spoons of crushed roots per 200 g of water, boil for 15 minutes, after which they insist 30 minutes. Drink 1 glass 3 times every day for more than a week with stones in the body and as an antimalarial agent.
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