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Chronic catarrhal laryngitis Clinical picture Hoarseness of voice Voice fatigue Changing the timbre of the voice and its transition to rough, weak and low-pitched. Laryngoscopy (indirect) Hyperemia and congestive swelling of the mucous membrane of the larynx Chronic catarrhal laryngitis, associated with cervical muscular pathology, is accompanied by the presence of tension in the anterior […]

Chronic atrophic laryngitis Clinical picture Dryness in the throat Hoarseness Rapid fatigue of the voice. Laryngoscopy. The mucous membrane of the larynx is thinned, smooth, shiny, sometimes covered with viscous mucus and crusts. The vocal folds are sluggish, thin, and incompletely close during phonation, leaving an oval-shaped gap. The lumen of the larynx can be narrowed due to the

Lameness intermittent Intermittent claudication – the periodic occurrence of paresthesia and pain in the legs (more often in one) when walking, forcing the patient to stop; the main symptom of diseases manifested by chronic occlusion of large and medium arteries of the extremities. Manifestations are significantly reduced or completely disappear after rest (with significant occlusion, pain can occur

chorionepithelioma Chorionepithelioma is a malignant tumor that grows in the uterus from the trophoblast of a developing blastocyst and manifests itself after hydatidiform mole, abortion, or during normal pregnancy. It retains the invasive nature of the growth of a normal placenta, is able to secrete HCG. In the initial stages, it grows slowly and can be treated. Frequency Chorionepithelioma

Choroid papilloma Choroid papilloma is often a benign tumor originating from the epithelium of the choroid plexus of the ventricles of the brain; manifest in childhood and adulthood. The most common tumor in babies in the first year of life. Localization: lateral (50%), III (5%) and IV (40%) ventricles of the brain. Histological variants Papilloma of the choroid plexus is

Huntington’s chorea Huntington’s chorea– a hereditary neurodegenerative disease characterized by a gradual onset traditionally at the age of 35-50 years and a combination of progressive choreic hyperkinesis and mental disorders. Frequency – 1 case / 10,000 population. Genetic aspects. Increase in the number of repeats of CAG triplets of the huntingtin gene (143100, 4p16-3,R); the protein is expressed

Acute cholecystitis Acute cholecystitis is an acute inflammation of the gallbladder. Frequency – see Cholangitis. Classification Acute catarrhal cholecystitis. Inflammation is limited to the mucosa and submucosa Phlegmonous cholecystitis is a purulent inflammation with infiltration of all layers of the gallbladder. Possible mucosal ulceration with subsequent exudation of inflammatory fluid into the intravesical space Gangrenous cholecystitis is partial or

Cholera Cholera– an acute quarantine infectious disease that occurs with severe diarrhea, vomiting, leading to dehydration. Etiology. The causative agent is a mobile gram-negative bacterium Vibrio cholerae (cholera vibrio, or Koch’s comma). There are 3 types of pathogens – Vibrio cholerae asiaticae (the causative agent of classical cholera), Vibrio cholerae eltor (the causative agent of El Tor

Chronic cholecystitis Chronic cholecystitis is a chronic inflammation of the gallbladder, characterized by recurrent subacute symptoms, most often due to the presence of stones in its lumen. Frequency – see Cholangitis. The predominant gender is female (2:1). Etiology Gallstones – 90-95% of cases. If stones migrate along the bile outflow tract, they can cause obstruction of the cystic duct,

Cholangitis, primary sclerosing Primary sclerosing cholangitis – progressive sclerosis of the bile ducts, leading to their stenosis or obstruction. Diagnosed, as a rule, by the age of 30-40 (with recessive forms much earlier). 90% of cases are women. Etiology and pathogenesis. Immune shifts are characteristic, glycoproteins HLA-B8, HLA-DR3, HLA-DRw52a are found in patients. Several inherited forms are known Primary biliary