Popular names: pansies, Ivan da Marya, triflower, brother-and-sister, moths, field brothers, half-flower, axes.
VIOLET THREE-COLOR (Viola tricolor L.)An annual or biennial plant of the violet family (Violaceae), up to 45 cm high, with several stems. The stem is simple or branched, leafy, lying, ascending or erect. Stem leaves are alternate, simple, glabrous, large-shaped, oblong-oval, basal – almost heart-shaped, on long petioles. Stipules large, leaf-shaped, pinnatipartite. The flowers are large, with a spur; parts of the corolla are variegated: the two upper petals are purple, lilac or blue, the two lateral petals are whitish-yellow, the lower one is bright yellow. The fruit is an oblong-ovoid capsule that opens with three flaps, which then deviate horizontally. Seeds are small, obovate, smooth. One box can produce up to 3000 seeds. It blooms all summer, the fruits ripen from June. Propagated mainly by seeds. Distributed in the European part of the CIS, Western and Eastern Siberia and Central Asia. It grows on fresh soils in upland meadows, on fallow fields, in grain crops, along road slopes, in light coniferous and mixed forests. Field violet (Viola arvensis Murr.) is also used for medical purposes, which is used in the same way as tricolor violet . In violets, the field upper petal is traditionally white, less often light purple, and the rest are yellow, the corolla is equal in length to the calyx or less than it. Widespread weed of spring and winter crops, perennial grasses. Both violets come from Europe, but as weeds they spread throughout the globe. The healing properties of violets were known in ancient times. In Roman mythology, it is referred to as the “flower of Jupiter”. One hot day, says the legend, Venus decided to take a dip. Chose a distant grotto, so that no one could podsmo30%, bathed for a long time and with pleasure. And suddenly she heard a rustle. She turned and saw that several mortals were looking at her. The goddess was angry and decided to punish too curious. She called to Jupiter, asking for the death of the guilty. Jupiter heard the request, but did not consider the guilt of mortals so great and turned them into flowers, on which surprise and curiosity were written, which led them to death. In Christian mythology, the tricolor violet is called the flower of the Holy Trinity. Medieval Christians saw in the dark triangular spot located in the center of the flower, the All-Seeing Eye, and in the divorces surrounding it, the radiance within it. The three sides of the triangle were considered the three faces of the Holy Trinity, originating from the All-Seeing Eye. Lovers especially revered the violet – this flower was for them a symbol of fidelity and love. It was considered worthy to give each other objects placed in an enlarged image of a flower. And on Valentine’s Day (February 14), these flowers are sent to loved ones. It was enough to send a violet without any words, and it was tantamount to a declaration of love. This custom was especially popular in England. Violets were the favorite colors of the great Goethe. In honor of the poet, German gardeners bred a number of large-flowered varieties, naming them after the characters of his works: almost black was called “Doctor Faust”, bright red – “Mephistopheles”, pale blue – “Marguerite”. This custom was especially popular in England. Violets were the favorite colors of the great Goethe. In honor of the poet, German gardeners bred a number of large-flowered varieties, naming them after the characters of his works: almost black was called “Doctor Faust”, bright red – “Mephistopheles”, pale blue – “Marguerite”. This custom was especially popular in England. Violets were the favorite colors of the great Goethe. In honor of the poet, German gardeners bred a number of large-flowered varieties, naming them after the characters of his works: almost black was called “Doctor Faust”, bright red – “Mephistopheles”, pale blue – “Marguerite”.
COLLECTION AND DRYING OF RAW MATERIALS
Collect the aerial part (Herba Violae tricolori L.) during flowering in May – June, cutting off the stems with a knife or sickle, and put them loosely, without compaction, in baskets or bags. Dry in a well-ventilated room, in attics, laying out a layer 5-7 cm thick and stirring occasionally. Drying is considered complete when the stems become brittle. During artificial drying, the temperature should not be higher than 40°C. The shelf life of raw materials is 1.5-2 years. The smell of raw materials is weak, peculiar, the taste is sweetish with a feeling of sliminess. Inexperienced pickers can sometimes collect maryannik grass (Ivan da Marya; Melampyrum nemorosum L.) instead of violets, which differs in that it has opposite leaves without stipules, flowers in dense spike-shaped inflorescences, corolla cleavage-petal, two-lipped, four stamens.
PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES
The plant has anti-inflammatory properties, which are associated with the presence in the aerial part of the plant of a pharmacologically active essential oil and mucus-like substances that have an antiseptic effect in the gastrointestinal tract, enhance the secretion of the bronchial glands and facilitate the excretion of sputum. Saponins determine the bronchodilator, expectorant and diuretic properties of the plant. When taking violet products, in addition to the local anti-inflammatory effect, there is also some antispasmodic and choleretic effect.
APPLICATIONS IN MEDICINE
Aboveground part. Infusion – an official expectorant alone and in the collection for catarrh of the respiratory tract. In homeopathy – for skin rashes. In folk medicine, decoctions, infusions – in the treatment of cancer of any localization, in diseases of the respiratory tract; inside and outside – with all kinds of skin diseases (eczema, psoriasis), skin tuberculosis and scrofula; is part of the “anti-scrofulous” collections, especially the widely known “Averin tea”. As a diuretic, diaphoretic, emollient, regulating metabolism, anti-inflammatory and sedative; with urolithiasis, cystitis, gout, venereal diseases; in the treatment of atherosclerosis, angina pectoris, arthritis and rheumatism; with hernias, rickets in babies, epilepsy, nervous attacks and stuttering, gastrointestinal disorders and dysentery (as enveloping), also with beriberi C. In dentistry – as an antiseptic and anti-inflammatory agent for toothache, for the treatment of the oral mucosa, for periodontal disease. It is used in obstetric and gynecological practice. In the form of tea – for bronchitis (as an expectorant), diseases of the bladder, for skin diseases. Leaves. Poultices – with external forms of cancer. Flowers. In Ukraine, a decoction of dried flowers inside and topically (baths) – with scrofula. They are part of the “anti-scrofulous” collection. In Ukraine, a decoction of dried flowers inside and topically (baths) – with scrofula. They are part of the “anti-scrofulous” collection. In Ukraine, a decoction of dried flowers inside and topically (baths) – with scrofula. They are part of the “anti-scrofulous” collection.
DOSAGE FORMS, METHOD OF APPLICATION AND DOSES
Infusion of tricolor violet herb (Infusum herbae Violae tricoloris): 5 g (1 tablespoon) of the raw material is poured into 200 ml of hot boiled water, heated in a boiling water bath for 15 minutes, cooled at room temperature for 45 minutes, filtered, the rest of the plant material is squeezed out. Take 1/2 cup 3-4 times every day for colds, inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and kidneys. “Averin tea”. It consists of: tricolor violet grass, along with leaves and leafy tops of a tripartite sequence (1 part each) and bittersweet nightshade stems (1/2 part). 1 tablespoon of the mixture is brewed in 200 ml of boiling water. Take 1 tablespoon 3-4 times every day as an expectorant and diaphoretic for respiratory diseases. For the treatment of diathesis in babies, a mixture is prepared in the following proportion: violet herbs and succession herbs – 4 parts each, bittersweet nightshade herbs – 1 part. 1 tablespoon of the mixture is brewed in 200 ml of boiling water. Give children chilled 1 tablespoon 3-4 times every day. ♦ Viola tricolor herb tea: the herb is brewed with boiling water in a ratio of 1:10. Heated in a water bath, without bringing to a boil, for 5 minutes, insist 15 minutes. Take 1 tablespoon 3-5 times every day. CONTRAINDICATIONS AND POSSIBLE SIDE EFFECTS: violet is contraindicated in glomerulonephritis, hepatitis. Prolonged use sometimes leads to nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and an itchy rash. the grass is brewed with boiling water in a ratio of 1:10. Heated in a water bath, without bringing to a boil, for 5 minutes, insist 15 minutes. Take 1 tablespoon 3-5 times every day. CONTRAINDICATIONS AND POSSIBLE SIDE EFFECTS: violet is contraindicated in glomerulonephritis, hepatitis. Prolonged use sometimes leads to nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and an itchy rash. the grass is brewed with boiling water in a ratio of 1:10. Heated in a water bath, without bringing to a boil, for 5 minutes, insist 15 minutes. Take 1 tablespoon 3-5 times every day. CONTRAINDICATIONS AND POSSIBLE SIDE EFFECTS: violet is contraindicated in glomerulonephritis, hepatitis. Prolonged use sometimes leads to nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and an itchy rash.
APPLICATIONS IN OTHER FIELDS
The aerial part is used in veterinary medicine as an expectorant, diuretic and diaphoretic. As a mucous and enveloping agent in the form of a decoction – for diseases of the respiratory system and gastritis in horses, cattle and small cattle and pigs. Used to produce expensive perfumes. Decorative, used for landscaping balconies, creating spots on lawns, alpine slides, in borders and mixborders.
ELEMENTS OF AGROTECHNICAL CULTIVATION
Violet tricolor prefers sunny places, loose and fertile soil. Tolerates some shade. If grown as an annual, the seeds are sown in March, if as a biennial, in June – July. Seeds close up shallow. In late August – early September, they are planted in a permanent place at a distance of 15-20 cm. Plants bloom in the second year. They tolerate transplanting well in flowering condition. Valuable varieties are also propagated vegetatively: by green cuttings and parts of a rising stem. You can take cuttings all summer, cuttings take root easily in 2-3 weeks. With early cuttings bloom in the same year.