Common name: osokor.
BLACK POPLAR (Populus nigra L.)Tree of the willow family (Salicaceae), up to 35 m in height. Life expectancy up to 300 years. The trunk of old trees is dark, with growths in the lower part, the bark is thick, dark gray, almost black with cracks. The crown is wide, sprawling, the branches are directed to the sides. Kidneys are large, appressed, ovoid or cone-shaped, covered with sticky resin. The leaves are large, dense, hard, on long flattened petioles, triangular or rhombic. Flowers on long, cylindrical, hanging catkins. Staminate catkins are sessile, pistillate on legs, elongating at fruit. The fruit is a single-celled capsule with many seeds, equipped with long white hairs. Blossoms in April – May before leafing out, fruits ripen in May – June. Distributed in the European part of the CIS, Western and Eastern Siberia and Central Asia. Grows in floodplain deciduous forests. Black poplar is bred in gardens, parks and avenue plantings. One tree emits as much oxygen as 7 firs, 4 pines or 3 lindens; during the growing season, one poplar frees the atmosphere from 20-30 kg of dust or soot. One of the Greek legends tells how poplars appeared on Earth. Phaeton (the son of the sun god), in order to prove his divine origin, decided to ride across the sky on the chariot of Helios, but could not cope with the team, which, sweeping away everything in its path, rushed from the sky to Earth. Zeus struck the chariot with lightning and smashed it to prevent all life on Earth from perishing. Phaeton died in the waves of the river. Phaethon’s sisters grieved immeasurably, and the Sun did not shine that day. The gods took pity on the grief of the sisters and turned them into slender, sacred trees for the Greeks – poplars. parks and avenues. One tree emits as much oxygen as 7 firs, 4 pines or 3 lindens; during the growing season, one poplar frees the atmosphere from 20-30 kg of dust or soot. One of the Greek legends tells how poplars appeared on Earth. Phaeton (the son of the sun god), in order to prove his divine origin, decided to ride across the sky on the chariot of Helios, but could not cope with the team, which, sweeping away everything in its path, rushed from the sky to Earth. Zeus struck the chariot with lightning and smashed it to prevent all life on Earth from perishing. Phaeton died in the waves of the river. Phaethon’s sisters grieved immeasurably, and the Sun did not shine that day. The gods took pity on the grief of the sisters and turned them into slender, sacred trees for the Greeks – poplars. parks and avenues. One tree emits as much oxygen as 7 firs, 4 pines or 3 lindens; during the growing season, one poplar frees the atmosphere from 20-30 kg of dust or soot. One of the Greek legends tells how poplars appeared on Earth. Phaeton (the son of the sun god), in order to prove his divine origin, decided to ride across the sky on the chariot of Helios, but could not cope with the team, which, sweeping away everything in its path, rushed from the sky to Earth. Zeus struck the chariot with lightning and smashed it to prevent all life on Earth from perishing. Phaeton died in the waves of the river. Phaethon’s sisters grieved immeasurably, and the Sun did not shine that day. The gods took pity on the grief of the sisters and turned them into slender, sacred trees for the Greeks – poplars. 4 pines or 3 lindens; during the growing season, one poplar frees the atmosphere from 20-30 kg of dust or soot. One of the Greek legends tells how poplars appeared on Earth. Phaeton (the son of the sun god), in order to prove his divine origin, decided to ride across the sky on the chariot of Helios, but could not cope with the team, which, sweeping away everything in its path, rushed from the sky to Earth. Zeus struck the chariot with lightning and smashed it to prevent all life on Earth from perishing. Phaeton died in the waves of the river. Phaethon’s sisters grieved immeasurably, and the Sun did not shine that day. The gods took pity on the grief of the sisters and turned them into slender, sacred trees for the Greeks – poplars. 4 pines or 3 lindens; during the growing season, one poplar frees the atmosphere from 20-30 kg of dust or soot. One of the Greek legends tells how poplars appeared on Earth. Phaeton (the son of the sun god), in order to prove his divine origin, decided to ride across the sky on the chariot of Helios, but could not cope with the team, which, sweeping away everything in its path, rushed from the sky to Earth. Zeus struck the chariot with lightning and smashed it to prevent all life on Earth from perishing. Phaeton died in the waves of the river. Phaethon’s sisters grieved immeasurably, and the Sun did not shine that day. The gods took pity on the grief of the sisters and turned them into slender, sacred trees for the Greeks – poplars. Phaeton (the son of the sun god), in order to prove his divine origin, decided to ride across the sky on the chariot of Helios, but could not cope with the team, which, sweeping away everything in its path, rushed from the sky to Earth. Zeus struck the chariot with lightning and smashed it to prevent all life on Earth from perishing. Phaeton died in the waves of the river. Phaethon’s sisters grieved immeasurably, and the Sun did not shine that day. The gods took pity on the grief of the sisters and turned them into slender, sacred trees for the Greeks – poplars. Phaeton (the son of the sun god), in order to prove his divine origin, decided to ride across the sky on the chariot of Helios, but could not cope with the team, which, sweeping away everything in its path, rushed from the sky to Earth. Zeus struck the chariot with lightning and smashed it to prevent all life on Earth from perishing. Phaeton died in the waves of the river. Phaethon’s sisters grieved immeasurably, and the Sun did not shine that day. The gods took pity on the grief of the sisters and turned them into slender, sacred trees for the Greeks – poplars. Phaeton died in the waves of the river. Phaethon’s sisters grieved immeasurably, and the Sun did not shine that day. The gods took pity on the grief of the sisters and turned them into slender, sacred trees for the Greeks – poplars. Phaeton died in the waves of the river. Phaethon’s sisters grieved immeasurably, and the Sun did not shine that day. The gods took pity on the grief of the sisters and turned them into slender, sacred trees for the Greeks – poplars.
COLLECTION AND DRYING OF RAW MATERIALS
As a medicinal raw material, swollen but not opened leafy poplar buds are mainly used, which are harvested in early spring at the beginning of the flowering of the tree. In order not to disturb the growth and development of the tree, the buds are harvested only from the lower side shoots. They are cut off by hand, separated from the branches, and dried in the shade in the air (in a cool, unheated room, otherwise they begin to bloom and lose their essential oil) or in ovens at a temperature of 30-35 ° C (spreading a thin layer – up to 2 cm and periodically mixing). The color of the raw material is greenish or brownish-yellow, the taste is bitter. The bark is harvested in early spring from cut down trees or sawn branches during the cultivation of plantations. Balsam poplar (Populus balsamifera L.) is also found, which can be confused with black poplar by inexperienced pickers.
PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES
Poplar preparations have anti-inflammatory, analgesic, wound healing, antiulcer, astringent, sedative, antipyretic, diaphoretic, antipruritic, antimicrobial and antiviral properties. With the presence of essential oil, such properties of the kidneys as expectorant and regulating the activity of the gastrointestinal tract are associated.
APPLICATIONS IN MEDICINE
Bark. Broth inside – as antimalarial, hemostatic; in intermittent fever, gout, rheumatism and sciatica. Kidneys. Alcohol infusion and extract inside – for malignant tumors (together with other plants), tuberculosis, rheumatism, gout, scurvy, sciatica, intermittent fever, cystitis and other diseases of the bladder, spermatorrhea, dysmenorrhea, diarrhea, colds; as a hemostatic, sedative, expectorant. A resinous balm is extracted from the kidneys, and “poplar ointment” is prepared from the extracts for external use as a disinfectant, antipyretic, distracting, emollient for gout, rheumatism, joint disease, trichomonas colpitis, staphylococcal and fungal skin diseases, boils, wounds, burns, ulcers , hemorrhoids, cracked nipples, alopecia.Leaves.
DOSAGE FORMS, METHOD OF APPLICATION AND DOSES
♦ Infusion of black poplar buds: pour 1 tablespoon of raw materials into 100 ml of boiling water and leave in a sealed container for 4-6 hours, then filter. Take 1 tablespoon 3 times every day.♦ Black poplar bud ointment: rub 1 tablespoon of dry crushed buds with 1 tablespoon of lanolin or 1 tablespoon of butter.
APPLICATIONS IN OTHER FIELDS
It is used in forestry to obtain cheap timber (by 20 years per 1 ha of poplar can give such an increase in wood that oak and pine plantations give only by 100 years), in agroforestry for afforestation of steppe regions, strengthening ravines, banks, plantings along roads and reservoirs and for landscaping settlements. Wood – for the manufacture of sleepers, plywood, joinery and turning products, containers and cooperage products and for the production of matches. In addition, it goes to obtain cellulose, paper and rayon (viscose). In ancient times, shields were made from it. Floats for fishing gear are made from old trees. Caps of trunks – a finishing material for furniture and handicrafts. The bark is used for tanning leather, for dyeing leather yellow, for fabrics yellow, chestnut, chocolate and brown. Poplar essential oil (from the buds) is suitable for soap fragrance and as a fixative. The kidneys stain tissues yellow. Seed hairs are suitable as one of the components in the manufacture of felt and for papermaking. Apple and pear fruits treated with phytoncides from black poplar leaves are more resistant to diseases both during the growing season and during storage. The leaves are suitable for tanning leather, making yellow dye for fabrics. In the perfume industry, they are used to perfume toilet soap. Poplar buds are part of the Riga balsam. Fresh and dried leaves are good food for cows and horses. Honey plant. Glue from the kidneys of bees is used in the production of propolis. It is widely cultivated (in culture it is propagated by cuttings, stakes). Seed hairs are suitable as one of the components in the manufacture of felt and for papermaking. Apple and pear fruits treated with phytoncides from black poplar leaves are more resistant to diseases both during the growing season and during storage. The leaves are suitable for tanning leather, making yellow dye for fabrics. In the perfume industry, they are used to perfume toilet soap. Poplar buds are part of the Riga balsam. Fresh and dried leaves are good food for cows and horses. Honey plant. Glue from the kidneys of bees is used in the production of propolis. It is widely cultivated (in culture it is propagated by cuttings, stakes). Seed hairs are suitable as one of the components in the manufacture of felt and for papermaking. Apple and pear fruits treated with phytoncides from black poplar leaves are more resistant to diseases both during the growing season and during storage. The leaves are suitable for tanning leather, making yellow dye for fabrics. In the perfume industry, they are used to perfume toilet soap. Poplar buds are part of the Riga balsam. Fresh and dried leaves are good food for cows and horses. Honey plant. Glue from the kidneys of bees is used in the production of propolis. It is widely cultivated (in culture it is propagated by cuttings, stakes). as well as during storage. The leaves are suitable for tanning leather, making yellow dye for fabrics. In the perfume industry, they are used to perfume toilet soap. Poplar buds are part of the Riga balsam. Fresh and dried leaves are good food for cows and horses. Honey plant. Glue from the kidneys of bees is used in the production of propolis. It is widely cultivated (in culture it is propagated by cuttings, stakes). as well as during storage. The leaves are suitable for tanning leather, making yellow dye for fabrics. In the perfume industry, they are used to perfume toilet soap. Poplar buds are part of the Riga balsam. Fresh and dried leaves are good food for cows and horses. Honey plant. Glue from the kidneys of bees is used in the production of propolis. It is widely cultivated (in culture it is propagated by cuttings, stakes).