Woolly foxglove (Digitalis lanata Ehrh.) For medicinal purposes, woolly foxglove leaves are used. The collection of raw materials is carried out in dry weather by mowers before flowering and dried in probably short periods. Do not dry raw materials in the sun. When drying in fire dryers, the heating temperature of the raw material plane must not exceed 50-60°C.
PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES
Woolly foxglove preparations have the main properties of foxglove purpurea products; their main difference lies in somewhat faster absorption, less cumulative effect, somewhat greater diuretic effect. Application in medicine. Leaves. Official raw materials for the production of Digoxin, Celanide, Acetyldigitoxin and Lantoside products are used for chronic circulatory failure, also for the tachyarrhythmic form of atrial fibrillation, paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia. Included in the pharmacopoeias of many countries of the world. In folk medicine – for heart disease and ascites.
DOSAGE FORMS, METHOD OF APPLICATION AND DOSES
Digoxin (Digoxinum) is a glycoside derived from the primary glycoside of foxglove woolly lanatoside C. White crystalline powder, practically insoluble in water, very slightly soluble in alcohol. On action on blood circulation it is close to other cardiac glycosides. Possesses high cardiotonic activity. It has a powerful systolic effect, relatively slows down the heart rate. The drug is prescribed orally and intravenously for the relief of attacks of paroxysmal tachycardia and in severe forms of circulatory disorders. The initial dose is 0.5-1 mg (2-4 ml of a 0.025% solution). Digoxin is administered intravenously slowly over 3-5 minutes, in 10-20 ml of 20% or 40% glucose solution or isotonic sodium chloride solution. Repeated injection of digoxin is possible after 6-8 hours. The maximum daily dose for intravenous administration is 1, 5 mg (6 ml of 0.025% solution). When taken orally, the daily dose on the 1st day is 1.25 mg (5 tablets of 0.25 mg), on the 2nd day – 5 tablets and on the 3rd day – 3 tablets. The dose is adjusted every day, taking into account the indicators of pulse, respiration and diuresis. Depending on the effect, the dose is repeated or gradually reduced. After achieving the desired effect, they switch to treatment with maintenance doses: 0.25-0.5 mg. A similar method of treatment should be used if the doctor can observe the patient before prescribing each dose. If you have to be afraid of unexpected toxic manifestations when prescribing relatively small doses, it is recommended to give the patient 0.75 mg of digoxin in the first 3-4 days, and then transfer it to maintenance doses. Produced in tablets of 0.25 mg (in a pack of 50 pcs.), In ampoules of 2 ml (0.5 mg) in a pack of 5 pcs. Celanid (Celanidum) – genuine glycoside from the leaves of woolly foxglove. Colorless or white odorless crystalline powder. Very slightly soluble in water, difficult – in alcohol. It acts on the heart like other digitalis glycosides, but has a quick effect and a relatively small cumulative effect. Active when taken orally; when injected into a vein, it acts almost at the same speed as strophanthin. Compared with strophanthin, it has a more powerful bradycardic effect. The biological activity of celanide is 14,000-16,000 LEDs. It is used for acute and chronic circulatory failure II and III degree, tachysystolic form of atrial fibrillation, supraventricular form of paroxysmal tachycardia. Assign inside 1 tablet (0.25 mg) 2-3 times every day; intravenously, 1-2 ml 0, 02% solution 1-2 times a day. With paroxysmal tachycardia, 0.8 mg of the product (4 ml of a 0.02% solution) is administered intravenously. If after an hour the attack does not stop, 0.4 mg is re-introduced. On an outpatient basis, celanide is used at a dose of 0.5-1 mg per day for a long time. Higher doses for adults inside: single – 0.0005 g (0.5 mg), daily – 0.001 g (1 mg); in a vein: single – 0.0004 g (0.4 mg), daily – 0.0008 g (0.8 mg). It is produced in tablets of 0.25 mg and in ampoules of 1 ml of a 0.02% solution (1: 5000). Acetyldigitoxin (Acetyldigitoxinum) is close to digitoxin in its main properties. Well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. In terms of speed of action, it occupies an intermediate position between digitoxin and celanid. It has a slightly less cumulative effect than digitoxin. Indications for use are the same as for digitoxin and celanide. Especially effective in the presence of tachycardia, tachyarrhythmia, paroxysmal tachycardia. It is recommended for maintenance therapy after compensation has been achieved with strophanthin or other digitalis substances (for example, digoxin). Assign inside in the first 3-5 days of 0.4-0.8 mg (2-4 tablets of 0.2 mg) per day, then reduce the dose (depending on the effect) to 0.3-0.2-0 .1 mg per day. Intravenous injection of 2-4 ml of a 0.01% solution (0.2-0.4 mg). Enter slowly (in 10 ml of isotonic sodium chloride solution or drip in 5% glucose solution). After obtaining a therapeutic effect, they switch to taking the substance inside. Possible side effects and contraindications are the same as for digitoxin. Release form: tablets containing 0.0002 g (0.2 mg) of acetyldigitoxin, and ampoules of 2 ml of a 0.01% solution (0.1 mg in 1 ml). Lantoside (Lantosidum) is a new galenic product containing an alcohol (70%) solution of the sum of glycosides from the leaves of digitalis woolly. Transparent liquid of yellow-green or green color, bitter taste, with alcohol smell. In 1 ml there are 9-12 ICEs, which in terms of activity corresponds to approximately 0.2 g of purple foxglove leaves. It acts like alcohol solutions of the amount of glycosides from foxglove purple, but is absorbed faster; has less cumulative effect. Used mainly in outpatient practice for maintenance therapy in chronic circulatory failure I, II and III degree, accompanied by tachycardia, tachyarrhythmia and atrial fibrillation. Assign inside 15-20 drops 2-3 times every day. If dyspeptic symptoms occur, lantoside can be prescribed in the form of microclysters (20-30 drops in 20 ml of isotonic sodium chloride solution). Higher doses for adults inside: single – 25 drops, daily – 75 drops. Produced in bottles of 15 ml. Abitsin (Abicinum) – the amount of genuine glycosides. It is produced in tablets of 0.25 mg and in ampoules of 1 ml of a 0.02% solution. Dilanizide (Dilantozid) is a purified solution of the amount of glycosides. Produced in vials and prescribed 10-15 drops 2-3 times every day orally or in microclysters. CONTRAINDICATIONS AND POSSIBLE SIDE EFFECTS: since the plant is poisonous, special care will need to be taken when using it. General contraindications to the use of cardiac glycosides are severe bradycardia, atrioventricular blockade of varying degrees, angina pectoris.
APPLICATIONS IN OTHER FIELDS
Used as a decorative ornament in the preparation of bouquets of flowers.
ELEMENTS OF AGROTECHNICAL CULTIVATION
Some elements of agricultural cultivation – see purple foxglove . Industrial culture is carried out in the North Caucasus, Ukraine and Moldova. The yield of dry leaves is 6-15 q/ha. It is cultivated in a number of Western European countries and in India.