I. Hermann (R. cinnamomea L. sen sulato) . The Ukrainian name is shipshina brown, shipshina travneva, popular names are shipshynnik, sverbiguzka, terpiguzka, derbivuzka, sverbivus, derbakka, tentacle, shualina; wild Rose.
Rosaceae family – Rosaceae.
For medicinal purposes, fruits and seeds are used.
It occurs almost throughout Ukraine, with the exception of the southern steppe regions and the Crimea. It grows in thickets of bushes, on forest edges and clearings, in post-forest meadows, especially along the slopes of gullies and river valleys, in the form of single specimens and small groups, traditionally mixed with other types of wild rose and other shrubs.
Rosehip May – low shrub (60-200 cm) with ascending, slightly hanging branches, covered with brown-red bark. The spines are crescent-curved, rarely almost straight, strong, traditionally paired. Flowering shoots almost without thorns. The leaves are alternate, pinnate, with 5-7 serrated leaflets oblong-ovate along the margin, covered with greyish adpressed hairs below. The flowers are pale red or red, large (4.5-5 cm in diameter), solitary, rarely in few-flowered inflorescences on short peduncles. The sepals are entire, after flowering they are directed upwards. The fruits are spherical or flattened-spherical, contain numerous hairy, stony achenes, between which bristly hairs are located on the walls. Blooms in the second half of May – June. The fruits ripen in September – October.
In Ukraine, there are more than 40 types of wild roses, of which the wild rose is May, sh. drooping – R. pendulina L., growing in the Carpathians, and sh. wrinkled – R. rugosa T hun b. found in culture, are the most rich in vitamins.
Stocks of wild rose hips are very large, hundreds of tons of fruits can be harvested annually. Industrial blanks are possible in all regions of Ukraine.
Average annual harvesting of rose hips in the republic in 1974-1976 amounted to 1360.8 tons.
Fruits are harvested when ripe, when they acquire a characteristic color: orange, red or brownish-red (depending on the type), and finished at the first frost (frozen fruits lose vitamin C when thawed). Low-vitamin raw materials for the preparation of products should consist of whole orange or dark red, spherical or oval-oblong fruits 0.8-2.8 cm long, 0.7-2.1 cm in diameter. There is no smell. The taste is sour-sweet, slightly astringent. Humidity is not higher than 14%.
Not more than (percent) is allowed in the raw materials: darkened, burnt and insect-damaged fruits – 3, other parts of the wild rose – 2, crushed parts (passing through a sieve with a hole diameter of 3 mm) – 3, unripe fruits – 5, organic and mineral impurities – by 0.5.
The total ash content is allowed no more than 4%, organic acids should be 3%, the content of ascorbic acid is not determined.
Dry fruits are packed in bags weighing 25-30 kg. Store in dry, well-ventilated areas on pallets or racks. Storage period up to 2 years. Raw materials are not subject to annual activity control.
To obtain rosehip seeds, the pulp of the fruit is separated.
According to OST 4399, the raw material consists of separate angular, very hard seeds 3-4 mm long, covered with yellow or brown bristly hairs. There is no smell. The taste is tart. Humidity is not higher than 12%. Not more than (percent) is allowed in the raw materials: other parts of the wild rose – 2, crushed parts (passing through a sieve with a hole diameter of 5 mm) – 1, organic and mineral impurities – 1 each.
Seeds are packed in bags weighing 50 kg. Store in dry, well-ventilated areas.
The fruits contain vitamins C, B 2 , P, carotene, tannins and pectin, citric acid, sugars, a significant amount of potassium salts, as well as salts of iron, manganese, potassium, magnesium, phosphorus.
Seeds contain fatty oil, vitamin E. They are used as a choleretic, diuretic and anti-inflammatory agent.
The fruits are used as a multivitamin remedy in the form of an infusion, fortified syrup. From low-vitamin fruits, the product holosas is obtained, used for cholecystitis, cholangitis. Fruits are part of many vitamin collections and complex products.