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Synonyms: cyanosis azure, cyanosis azure (Ukrainian cyanosis blakitna).
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Description. Stems obscurely ribbed, hollow, erect. The leaves are alternate, pinnate, lower cuttings, upper sessile. Flowers with a pleasant smell are collected in panicles. Corollas of flowers are bright blue, light blue, dark purple, less often white, five-lobed. The fruit is a three-nested myospermous pod, ovoid or spherical in shape, the seeds are dark brown. Weight of 1000 seeds within 1.5 g. Bloomsin June July. Seeds ripen in August September.
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Medicinal raw materials: rhizomes with roots.
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biological features . The cyanosis is moisture-loving and very sensitive to drought and elevated temperatures in general, especially in the initial period, but resistant to low temperatures.
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Habitat. Grows in damp meadows, forest edges, along river banks.
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Spreading. Blue cyanosis is widespread in the European part of the USSR, Western and Eastern Siberia, and the Caucasus.-
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Cultivated in culture in Belarus and Western Siberia since 1948.
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Composition of active substances. All organs of the cyanosis (and most of the roots and rhizomes) contain saponins.
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Application. VILR recommends cyanosis for the treatment of gastric and duodenal ulcers (together with cudweed marsh herb). Half an hour before meals, they use a decoction of cudweed marshmallow (10 g per 200 g of water) a tablespoon three times every day, and two hours after eating a decoction of cyanosis roots (6 g per 200 g of water) also a tablespoon three times each day. The course of treatment is a month.
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Clinical trials conducted at the Tomsk Medical Institute by D. D. Yablokov and A. K. Sibirtseva in 1942-1944 found that the expectorant effect of cyanosis is stronger than that of imported senega. Pharmacological studies have shown that its calming properties are many times stronger than those of valerian, motherwort and mint (Obukhov, 1965).
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In folk medicine , cyanosis is used as an expectorant, also for peptic ulcers.
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OP Popov (1965) recommends the following products from cyanosis: a decoction of 38 g per 200 g of water, a tablespoon three times every day, two hours after eating; extract (25 g) 15 drops three times every day; decoction, condensed to half, a teaspoon three times every day.
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Agricultural technology of cultivation . Site selection. Under the cyanosis, VILR recommends allocating areas with fertile, structural, with shallow groundwater, light soils in terms of mechanical composition, better than low-lying, but non-floating areas. Salt and acidic soils are unsuitable. The best predecessors are pairs, clean or busy, winter and row crops, going for fertilizers.
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Soil cultivation is basically carried out in the same way as for other row crops.
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Application of fertilizers . In autumn, under the main (autumn) plowing, it is recommended to apply 4060 t / ha of manure or compost, and if they are not enough, the rate is reduced by half, but mineral fertilizers are added (40 kg / ha of active ingredient). In addition, during sowing, granulated superphosphate is applied to the rows at a dose of 810 kg/ha of the active substance.
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Reproduction of cyanosis is carried out by direct sowing of its seeds in the ground. The method of sowing is ordinary with row spacing of 4560 cm. Sow in early spring or before winter. The seeding rate is 810 kg/ha in spring (with a sowing depth of 23 cm) and 1012 kg/ha before winter (without sowing).
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Care of plantations consists in systematic loosening of row-spacings and three-four times weeding. In the second year, the plantation is fertilized as early as possible (at the rate of 30 kg/ha of the active ingredient of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizers). Constantly fight pests and diseases.
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Harvesting is done at the end of the growing season by a potato digger or a single-furrow plow. After harvesting, the roots are cleaned of earth and stem residues, thick rhizomes are cut lengthwise and quickly washed in special washing machines.
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Growing seeds. To obtain seed material on industrial plantations, the best herbage plots are allocated. The harvest is harvested with headers equipped with stackers. In small areas, cleaning is done manually, by shaking off. The browning of the bolls indicates the maturity of the seeds.
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Drying. After washing, the roots are dried and dried in dryers at a temperature of 50-60 ° C, and then left in heaps for a day or two in a dry, well-ventilated room.
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Pack. After drying, the roots are pressed, then packed in bags or bales of 2050 kg.
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Storage. Store raw materials in a dry, well-ventilated area.
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quality requirements. In accordance with GOST 355747, dried raw materials should consist of short, thick rhizomes with remnants of stems up to 1 hedgehog long and numerous thin roots. In the finished raw material is allowed: moisture 14%; total ash 13; rhizomes and roots passing through a sieve with holes with a diameter of 1 mm, 5; fragments of roots and rhizomes 5; remnants of stems no longer than 2 cm 5; rhizomes that turned brown at the break, 3, organic impurities 1, mineral 2%.